FMGE 2019 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: An injury to the shown area can lead to fracture of which bone

Scaphoid. ***Scaphoid*** - An injury to the **anatomical snuffbox** is a classic presentation for a **scaphoid fracture**. - This bone is particularly vulnerable due to its **limited blood supply**, which can lead to complications such as **avascular necrosis** if untreated. *Lunate* - The lunate is more commonly associated with **dislocations** or **Kienbock's disease** (avascular necrosis of the lunate), rather than fracture from isolated anatomical snuffbox injury. - Pain from a lunate injury often presents more volarly or centrally within the wrist, not specifically the snuffbox. *Hamate* - Fractures of the **hamate** typically occur from direct trauma to the hypothenar eminence, such as from hitting a golf club or tennis racket. - This mechanism of injury and location of pain are distinct from an anatomical snuffbox injury. *Trapezium* - The **trapezium** is more commonly fractured in association with **Bennett's fracture** (fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal) or from direct trauma to the thumb. - Pain from a trapezium fracture is usually localized to the base of the thumb, rather than the radial aspect of the wrist. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Ventricles are lined by?

Ependymal cells. Ependymal cells - Ependymal cells are a type of glial cell that form the epithelial lining of the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord [3]. - They possess cilia that help circulate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and microvilli involved in CSF absorption. Schwann cells - Schwann cells are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) [4]. - They do not line the ventricles, which are part of the central nervous system [2]. Oligodendrocytes - Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that form the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS) [1], [4]. - While they are CNS cells, their primary function is myelination, not lining the ventricular system [1]. Astrocytes - Astrocytes are the most abundant and diverse glial cells in the CNS, providing structural support, metabolic regulation, and forming the blood-brain barrier. - They are found throughout the brain parenchyma but do not directly line the ventricular cavities. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Highest point of iliac crest is seen at?

L4. ***L4*** - The **highest point of the iliac crest** typically corresponds to the level of the **L4 vertebral body**. - This anatomical landmark is crucial for procedures like **lumbar punctures** and determining the location for **epidural anesthesia**. *L3* - The L3 vertebral level is generally located slightly **above the highest point of the iliac crest**. - While close, it is not the most consistent anatomical correlation for the highest point. *S2* - The **S2 vertebral level** is significantly **below the iliac crests**, marking the approximate midpoint of the sacroiliac joint. - This level is used as a landmark for the **dermatome of the posterior thigh**. *S1* - The **S1 vertebral level** is also located **below the iliac crests**, forming the most superior segment of the sacrum. - It is used as a landmark for the **dermatome of the lateral foot and posterior leg**, and corresponds to the ankle jerk reflex. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Celiac vessel is seen at which vertebral level?

T12. T12 - The celiac trunk arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12), just below the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. - This is typically at the level of the upper border of L1 or lower border of T12. - It is the first major unpaired visceral branch and supplies the foregut organs (stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, spleen, pancreas). L2 - The renal arteries, which supply the kidneys, typically originate from the aorta at the level of the L1-L2 vertebra. - The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) arises at approximately L3 level. - This level is significantly lower than the origin of the celiac trunk. T9 - At the level of T9, no major visceral branches arise from the aorta. - This level is above the aortic hiatus (at T12), so the aorta is still in the thoracic cavity. - The celiac trunk has not yet branched at this higher level. T10 - At T10, the aorta is still in the thoracic cavity, passing through the posterior mediastinum. - The aortic hiatus of the diaphragm is at T12, not T10. - No major unpaired visceral branches originate at this level. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Middle meningeal artery is a branch of which artery?

Maxillary artery. ***Maxillary artery*** - The **middle meningeal artery** is a major branch of the **maxillary artery**, which itself is a terminal branch of the **external carotid artery**. - It supplies blood to the **dura mater** and cranial bones and is notably vulnerable to injury in temporal bone fractures. *Superficial temporal artery* - The **superficial temporal artery** is the other terminal branch of the **external carotid artery** (alongside the maxillary artery). - It supplies the scalp and superficial temporal region but does not give rise to the middle meningeal artery. *Facial artery* - The **facial artery** is a branch of the **external carotid artery** but primarily supplies structures of the face, such as muscles of facial expression and superficial facial tissues. - It does not give rise to the middle meningeal artery, which has an intracranial course. *Ophthalmic artery* - The **ophthalmic artery** is a branch of the **internal carotid artery** and supplies structures within the orbit, including the eye. - It does not contribute to the blood supply of the dura mater in the area supplied by the middle meningeal artery. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

An injury to the shown area can lead to fracture of which bone

Accepted Answer

Scaphoid

Answer

Lunate

Answer

Hamate

Answer

Trapezium

Question 2

Ventricles are lined by?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Answer

Schwann cells

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Astrocytes

Question 3

Highest point of iliac crest is seen at?

Accepted Answer

L4

Answer

L3

Answer

S2

Answer

S1

Question 4

Celiac vessel is seen at which vertebral level?

Accepted Answer

T12

Answer

L2

Answer

T9

Answer

T10

Question 5

Middle meningeal artery is a branch of which artery?

Accepted Answer

Maxillary artery

Answer

Superficial temporal artery

Answer

Facial artery

Answer

Ophthalmic artery

Question 6

The highlighted muscle is supplied by which nerve?

Accepted Answer

Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer

Median nerve

Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Question 7

Which of the following is the safety muscle of tongue?

Accepted Answer

Genioglossus

Answer

Hyoglossus

Answer

Styloglossus

Answer

Palatoglossus

Question 8

Protrusion of mandible is due to which of the following muscles?

Accepted Answer

Lateral pterygoid

Answer

Medial pterygoid

Answer

Masseter

Answer

Temporalis

Question 9

Which structure doesn't pass through the parotid gland?

Accepted Answer

Internal Carotid Artery

Answer

Retromandibular vein

Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

External Carotid Artery and its branches

Question 10

Testicular artery is a branch of -

Accepted Answer

Abdominal aorta

Answer

Common iliac artery

Answer

External iliac artery

Answer

Internal iliac artery

FMGE 2019 — Anatomy