FMGE 2019 Previous Year Questions Practice Questions

Q: At what altitude is kala azar unlikely to occur?

600 meters. ***600 meters*** - Kala-azar, or **visceral leishmaniasis**, is primarily found in **low-lying areas** and is rarely reported at altitudes above 600 meters due to the specific ecological requirements of its **sand fly vector**. - The **Phlebotomus argentipes sand fly**, the main vector in the Indian subcontinent, prefers warm, humid climates and **lower altitudes**. *400 meters* - This altitude is within the **typical endemic range** for kala-azar, especially in regions like the Indian subcontinent. - The environmental conditions at 400 meters are generally conducive for the **survival and breeding** of the sand fly vector. *500 meters* - Similar to 400 meters, 500 meters is still considered within the **favorable altitude range** for kala-azar transmission. - The **sand fly vector** can thrive in the climate often found at this elevation. *200 meters* - This altitude represents a **highly endemic zone** for kala-azar, as it provides optimal conditions for the sand fly vector. - Lower altitudes are typically associated with increased **humidity and warmth**, favoring vector density and parasite transmission. [Practice more FMGE 2019 questions on OnCourse]

Q: The shown radiograph indicates which condition?

Diaphragmatic hernia. **Diaphragmatic hernia** * The radiograph likely shows a **bubbly appearance** in the chest cavity, representing bowel loops displaced through a defect in the diaphragm. * This displacement of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity is characteristic of a **diaphragmatic hernia**. * *Intestinal obstruction* * Intestinal obstruction typically presents with **dilated bowel loops** and **air-fluid levels** *within the abdominal cavity*, not the chest. * It would not show bowel structures above the diaphragm. * *Pleural effusion* * A pleural effusion would appear as a **homogeneous white (effaced) area** at the base of the lung, obscuring the diaphragm and lung tissue. * It would not have the characteristic bubbly appearance of bowel gas. * *Pneumonia* * Pneumonia appears as **consolidation** or **infiltrates** within the lung parenchyma, which would be an opaque, non-gaseous density. * It does not involve the displacement of abdominal organs into the chest cavity. [Practice more FMGE 2019 questions on OnCourse]

Q: What type of poisoning is associated with the retention of lead bullets in the body?

Lead. ***Lead*** - **Lead bullets** are primarily composed of lead, and if retained in the body, lead can leach into the bloodstream causing **lead poisoning**. - This is a well-documented risk, especially when bullets are lodged in areas rich in bodily fluids or bone. *Phosphorus* - Phosphorus poisoning is typically associated with exposure to compounds like **white phosphorus**, often found in fireworks or industrial chemicals, not lead bullets. - Symptoms include severe gastrointestinal distress, multiorgan failure, and a characteristic **garlic-like odor**. *Nitro cellulose* - **Nitrocellulose** is a component of gun propellants (gunpowder), not the bullet itself. - Exposure would primarily be from inhalation of fumes during firing or accidental ingestion of powder, not retention of the bullet. *Iron* - **Iron poisoning** usually results from acute overdose of iron supplements, particularly in children. - While bullets contain trace amounts of iron, the primary toxic component of a retained bullet is **lead**, not iron. [Practice more FMGE 2019 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Which of these conditions is classified as a nephritic syndrome?

Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis. ***Post infectious Glomerulonephritis*** - Characterized by **hematuria, hypertension, and edema**, typically following an infection, such as streptococcal pharyngitis [2]. - Immune-mediated response leads to **decreased GFR** and signs of nephritic syndrome [1][2]. *Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis* - Primarily causes **nephrotic syndrome**, characterized by proteinuria and edema rather than hematuria [2]. - Often associated with **secondary causes** like obesity or HIV, not typically post-infectious. *Membranous Glomerulopathy* - Results in significant **proteinuria** and is classified as a **nephrotic syndrome** rather than a nephritic one [2][3]. - It presents with **edema and hypoalbuminemia**, lacking the hallmark features of hematuria. *Minimal change disease* - Predominantly causes **nephrotic syndrome** with heavy proteinuria and little to no hematuria [2]. - Young children are commonly affected, and it responds well to **corticosteroid therapy** [1]. [Practice more FMGE 2019 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Women presented with on-and-off headaches. On lateral X-ray, suprasellar calcifications are seen, and she has heteronymous hemianopia. What is the diagnosis?

Craniopharyngioma. ***Craniopharyngioma*** - **Suprasellar calcifications** on X-ray, in conjunction with **heteronymous hemianopia**, are highly characteristic of a craniopharyngioma. - This tumor commonly arises from Rathke's pouch remnants and can compress the **optic chiasm**, leading to visual field defects. *Pituitary macroadenoma* - While pituitary macroadenomas can cause **hemianopia** due to optic chiasm compression, they rarely present with **suprasellar calcifications**. - They are more typically associated with **endocrine dysfunctions** depending on the hormone secreted. *Astrocytoma* - **Astrocytomas** are glial tumors that can occur in various brain regions but are not typically associated with **suprasellar calcifications** or **heteronymous hemianopia** as a primary presentation. - Their presentation varies greatly depending on the tumor's location and grade. *No diagnosis* - The combination of **on-and-off headaches**, **suprasellar calcifications**, and **heteronymous hemianopia** provides strong evidence for a specific intracranial pathology, making "no diagnosis" an incorrect choice. [Practice more FMGE 2019 questions on OnCourse]

Question 1

At what altitude is kala azar unlikely to occur?

Accepted Answer

600 meters

Answer

400 meters

Answer

500 meters

Answer

200 meters

Question 2

The shown radiograph indicates which condition?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragmatic hernia

Answer

Intestinal obstruction

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 3

What type of poisoning is associated with the retention of lead bullets in the body?

Accepted Answer

Lead

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Nitro cellulose

Answer

Iron

Question 4

Which of these conditions is classified as a nephritic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Minimal Change Disease

Answer

Membranous Glomerulopathy

Answer

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Question 5

Women presented with on-and-off headaches. On lateral X-ray, suprasellar calcifications are seen, and she has heteronymous hemianopia. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Craniopharyngioma

Answer

Pituitary macroadenoma

Answer

Astrocytoma

Answer

No diagnosis

Question 6

A bacterium that can thrive at temperatures around 60-70 degrees Celsius is classified as

Accepted Answer

Thermophilic

Answer

Mesophilic

Answer

Cryophilic

Answer

Halophilic

Question 7

A 32-year-old pregnant woman presents with mild bleeding and pain. On examination, the uterus is tender, and fetal heart sounds are absent. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Abruptio placenta

Answer

Uterine rupture

Answer

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer

Placenta previa

Question 8

What is the dose of mifepristone in medical abortion?

Accepted Answer

200 mg

Answer

400 mg

Answer

100 mg

Answer

600 mg

Question 9

A person with a visual acuity of 6/60 in the right eye and 3/60 in the left eye would be categorized into which type of blindness?

Accepted Answer

Moderate visual impairment

Answer

Legal blindness

Answer

Normal vision

Answer

Low vision

Question 10

Which type of necrosis is seen in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Liquefactive

Answer

Coagulative

Answer

Fat

Answer

Fibrinoid

FMGE 2019

Community Medicine

Dental

Forensic Medicine

Internal Medicine

Microbiology

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Ophthalmology

Pathology