FMGE 2010 - Forensic Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: What is the age restriction for exhumation of a deceased person in medical jurisprudence?

No age restriction. ***No age restriction*** - In forensic medicine and medical jurisprudence, **exhumation can be performed on a body of any age** (infant, child, adult, or elderly). - Under **Section 176 of CrPC**, a Magistrate can order exhumation for medico-legal purposes without any age limitation on the deceased. - The decision to exhume depends on the **necessity for investigation**, not on the age of the deceased person. - Exhumation is commonly performed for re-examination, identification, or when new evidence emerges in criminal cases. *Under 18 years* - This is incorrect as there is no legal provision restricting exhumation based on whether the deceased was under 18 years of age. - Bodies of minors can be exhumed just as readily as adults when required for legal purposes. *16 years or older* - This age threshold has no relevance to exhumation procedures in Indian medical jurisprudence. - Exhumation is based on **legal necessity and magistrate's order**, not the age of the deceased. *21 years or older* - This is incorrect as age of the deceased person does not determine eligibility for exhumation. - Even bodies of young children or infants can be exhumed when required for forensic investigation or identification purposes. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A farmer presented with confusion, increased salivation, fasciculations, miosis, tachycardia and hypertension. Poison that can cause these manifestations:

OPC. ***OPC*** - The combination of **confusion**, increased salivation, **fasciculations**, **miosis**, and **tachycardia/hypertension** points towards **organophosphate poisoning (OPC)** due to excessive cholinergic stimulation. - Farmers are at high risk for OPC due to exposure to **pesticides**. *Arsenic* - **Arsenic poisoning** typically causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, along with **garlic breath** and **neuropathy**. - It does not commonly present with prominent salivation, fasciculations, or miosis. *Opium* - **Opioid overdose** characteristically leads to **CNS depression**, **respiratory depression**, **pinpoint pupils (miosis)**, and **bradycardia** and **hypotension**. - It does not cause increased salivation, fasciculations, or tachycardia. *Dhatura* - **Dhatura poisoning** is characterized by **anticholinergic symptoms** such as **dry mouth**, dilated pupils (mydriasis), blurred vision, warm dry skin, **tachycardia**, and **agitation/delirium**. - It would not cause increased salivation, fasciculations, or miosis. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Juvenile court deals with cases of children up to the age of:

18 years. ***18 years*** - Under the **Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015** in India, a "juvenile" or "child in conflict with law" is defined as a person who has **not completed 18 years of age**. - Juvenile courts (Juvenile Justice Boards) have jurisdiction over individuals who are **under 18 years** at the time the offense is alleged to have been committed. - This is the standard age limit for juvenile justice system in India. *21 years* - This exceeds the age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction in India. - Age 21 has significance for other legal purposes but not for defining a juvenile under the JJ Act. - Once a person attains 18 years, they are tried under regular criminal law. *16 years* - This is below the actual age limit set by the JJ Act, 2015. - The Act specifically defines the upper age limit as 18 years, not 16 years. - A 16 or 17-year-old would still be considered a juvenile under Indian law. *15 years* - This is well below the statutory age limit for juvenile jurisdiction. - Using 15 years as the cutoff would incorrectly exclude 16 and 17-year-olds from juvenile court jurisdiction. - The JJ Act, 2015 clearly establishes 18 years as the threshold. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Rape is defined under:

Sec. 375 IPC. ***Sec. 375 IPC*** - **Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)** specifically defines **rape**. It outlines the various circumstances under which a sexual act is considered rape, focusing on the absence of consent. - The section has been amended several times to broaden its scope and strengthen protections for victims, particularly after significant legal reforms. *Sec. 320 IPC* - **Section 320 IPC** defines **"Grievous Hurt,"** which includes severe injuries like emasculation or deprivation of any joint or part of the body. - This section deals with the classification of serious bodily harm, not sexual offenses. *Sec. 351 IPC* - **Section 351 IPC** defines **"Assault."** It refers to making any gesture or preparation intending or knowing it to be likely that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that he who makes it is about to use criminal force to him. - This section addresses acts that create an apprehension of immediate criminal force, not the act of rape itself. *Sec. 376 IPC* - **Section 376 IPC** deals with the **"Punishment for Rape."** While it is directly related to rape, it specifies the penalties for the offense, not its definition. - This section lays down the various terms of imprisonment and fines that can be imposed on a person convicted of rape, including aggravated forms of the crime. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Pugilistic attitude is due to:

Protein coagulation. ***Protein coagulation*** - Pugilistic attitude, a defensive posture resembling a boxer, is a characteristic finding in extensively burned bodies due to **heat-induced muscle contraction**. - This contraction is caused by **thermal coagulation of proteins** within the muscles, leading to their shortening and stiffening. - **Flexor muscles are stronger than extensors**, so when heat causes protein coagulation, flexors contract more, producing the characteristic flexed posture with arms and legs drawn up. *Lipogenesis* - **Lipogenesis** refers to the metabolic process of synthesizing fatty acids and triglycerides for energy storage, which is unrelated to the physical changes observed in burned bodies. - This process is mainly involved in **fat metabolism** and not in post-mortem muscular changes. *Carbohydrate coagulation* - While carbohydrates are present in the body, their primary role is energy storage and structural support, and they do not undergo **coagulation** in a manner that would cause muscle contraction. - **Thermal effects on carbohydrates** mainly involve denaturation and caramelization, neither of which explains the pugilistic attitude. *Lipolysis* - **Lipolysis** is the metabolic process of breaking down lipids and triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol, primarily for energy release. - This process is the opposite of lipogenesis and is not responsible for the **muscle stiffening and contraction** seen in the pugilistic attitude. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What is the age restriction for exhumation of a deceased person in medical jurisprudence?

Accepted Answer

No age restriction

Answer

Under 18 years

Answer

16 years or older

Answer

21 years or older

Question 2

A farmer presented with confusion, increased salivation, fasciculations, miosis, tachycardia and hypertension. Poison that can cause these manifestations:

Accepted Answer

OPC

Answer

Arsenic

Answer

Opium

Answer

Dhatura

Question 3

Juvenile court deals with cases of children up to the age of:

Accepted Answer

18 years

Answer

21 years

Answer

16 years

Answer

15 years

Question 4

Rape is defined under:

Accepted Answer

Sec. 375 IPC

Answer

Sec. 320 IPC

Answer

Sec. 351 IPC

Answer

Sec. 376 IPC

Question 5

Pugilistic attitude is due to:

Accepted Answer

Protein coagulation

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Carbohydrate coagulation

Answer

Lipolysis

Question 6

Cobra poison is:

Accepted Answer

Neurotoxic

Answer

Vasculotoxic

Answer

Myotoxic

Answer

Cardiotoxic

Question 7

A dead body is found to have marks like branching of a tree on the front of the chest. The most likely cause of death could be due to:

Accepted Answer

Lightning injury

Answer

Road traffic accident

Answer

Injuries due to bomb blast

Answer

Firearm

Question 8

Punishment for rape is given under which section of IPC: TN 09; FMGE 10; AI 10; Kerala 11

Accepted Answer

Sec. 376

Answer

Sec. 320

Answer

Sec. 351

Answer

Sec. 375

FMGE 2010 — Forensic Medicine