Bunion is commonly seen at ?
What is another name for ischial bursitis?
Most common site of myositis ossificans ?
Which of the following is an orthopedic emergency?
What is the generally recommended maximum weight for skeletal traction in adult patients?
Windswept deformity is seen in which condition?
Most common site of osteochondritis dissecans?
Most common complication of intertrochanteric fracture femur is:
NEET-PG 2013 - Orthopaedics NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 31: Bunion is commonly seen at ?
- A. Great toe MTP joint (Correct Answer)
- B. Medial malleolus
- C. Lateral Malleolus
- D. Shin of tibia
Explanation: ***Great toe MTP joint*** - A bunion, or **hallux valgus**, is a bump that forms on the outside of the **first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint** of the big toe. - This common foot deformity involves structural changes that result in the big toe pointing towards the smaller toes. *Medial malleolus* - The medial malleolus is the bony prominence on the **inside of the ankle**. - It is part of the tibia and forms the inner wall of the ankle joint, not typically where bunions occur. *Lateral Malleolus* - The lateral malleolus is the bony protrusion on the **outside of the ankle**. - It is part of the fibula and forms the outer wall of the ankle joint, unrelated to bunion formation. *Shin of tibia* - The shin refers to the **anterior crest of the tibia**, the large bone in the lower leg. - This area is prone to conditions like shin splints or fractures, but not bunions.
Question 32: What is another name for ischial bursitis?
- A. Weaver's bottom (Correct Answer)
- B. Trochanteric bursitis
- C. Prepatellar bursitis
- D. Olecranon bursitis
Explanation: ***Weaver's bottom*** - This is a common **colloquial term** for ischial bursitis, describing the condition that can arise from prolonged sitting. - The **ischial bursa** lies between the ischial tuberosity and the gluteus maximus, which can become inflamed from pressure. *Prepatellar bursitis* - This refers to inflammation of the bursa located over the **kneecap**. - It is often called **"housemaid's knee"** due to its association with prolonged kneeling. *Trochanteric bursitis* - This is inflammation of the bursa located over the **greater trochanter of the femur**, on the outer side of the hip. - It causes pain in the **lateral hip region**, often radiating down the thigh. *Olecranon bursitis* - This involves inflammation of the bursa located at the **tip of the elbow** (olecranon process). - It is sometimes called **"student's elbow"** or **"miner's elbow"** due to repetitive trauma or pressure.
Question 33: Most common site of myositis ossificans ?
- A. Shoulder
- B. Wrist
- C. Quadriceps/Thigh (Correct Answer)
- D. Elbow
Explanation: ***Quadriceps/Thigh*** - The **quadriceps and thigh** muscles are frequently affected due to their common involvement in sports injuries and trauma. - This region is prone to **hematoma formation** after contusions, which can predispose to ectopic bone formation. *Shoulder* - While the shoulder can be affected by myositis ossificans, it is **less common** than the quadriceps. - Traumatic myositis ossificans in the shoulder typically involves the **deltoid muscle**. *Wrist* - Myositis ossificans of the **wrist is rare** and usually occurs after severe trauma or crush injuries. - The small muscle mass and limited direct trauma to the wrist muscles make it an **unlikely primary site**. *Elbow* - Myositis ossificans can occur around the elbow, particularly in the **brachialis muscle**, often following dislocations or fractures. - However, the elbow is still **less commonly affected overall** compared to the large muscle groups of the thigh.
Question 34: Which of the following is an orthopedic emergency?
- A. Intraarticular fracture
- B. Septic arthritis (Correct Answer)
- C. Fracture lateral condyle humerus
- D. Fracture neck femur
Explanation: ***Septic arthritis*** - This is an **orthopedic emergency** due to the rapid destruction of cartilage and bone if not treated promptly. - It requires urgent **surgical washout** and intravenous antibiotics to prevent irreversible joint damage and systemic infection. *Intraarticular fracture* - While requiring careful management to optimize joint function, an **intraarticular fracture** is typically not an immediate emergency unless there's associated neurovascular compromise or compartment syndrome. - Surgical intervention can often be planned within a certain timeframe (days) rather than hours. *Fracture lateral condyle humerus* - This fracture in children is significant due to potential for non-union or avascular necrosis, but it is not considered an immediate **life- or limb-threatening emergency**. - Management usually involves **reduction and fixation** but does not carry the same degree of urgency as active joint infection. *Fracture neck femur* - A fractured neck of femur requires surgical intervention to prevent complications like **avascular necrosis** and optimize mobility, particularly in elderly patients. - While serious, it primarily presents a risk of long-term disability and complications, not an immediate destructive process like septic arthritis.
Question 35: What is the generally recommended maximum weight for skeletal traction in adult patients?
- A. 5 kg
- B. 10 kg
- C. 20 kg
- D. 15 kg (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***15 kg*** - While the specific weight can vary based on the bone and patient, 10-15 kg is generally the **maximum recommended weight for skeletal traction** in adults to avoid complications. - Applying too much weight risks **damage to the bone, soft tissues, and nerves**, as well as potential pin site infections and neurovascular compromise. *5 kg* - This weight is typically more appropriate for **skin traction**, where the pulling force is applied externally to the skin, limiting the amount of weight that can be safely used without causing skin damage. - In skeletal traction, 5 kg is often used for **initial alignment or very tenuous fractures**, but it is generally insufficient for significant reduction or long-term stabilization. *10 kg* - 10 kg is a common starting point or moderate weight used in skeletal traction, particularly for **femur or tibia fractures**. - While often effective, it is not consistently the maximum safe weight, as some situations may allow or require slightly more weight up to 15 kg for optimal reduction. *20 kg* - Applying 20 kg of weight in skeletal traction is generally considered **excessive and dangerous** in most adult applications. - This high amount of weight significantly increases the risk of **pin loosening, osteomyelitis, neurovascular injury, and avascular necrosis**, especially in areas like the cervical spine or tibia.
Question 36: Windswept deformity is seen in which condition?
- A. Hyperparathyroidism
- B. Scurvy
- C. Rheumatoid Arthritis
- D. Rickets (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Rickets*** - **Windswept deformity** is characterized by bilateral knee deformities where one knee is in **valgus** and the other is in **varus**. - This condition is caused by a deficiency in **vitamin D**, **calcium**, or **phosphate**, leading to improper bone mineralization and subsequent bone deformities. *Rheumatoid Arthritis* - Rheumatoid arthritis is a **chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease** primarily affecting the synovial joints. - While it can cause joint deformities, they typically involve symmetric joint swelling, pain, and stiffness, with characteristic deformities like **ulnar deviation** or **swan-neck deformities**, rather than windswept deformity. *Hyperparathyroidism* - Hyperparathyroidism leads to excessive production of **parathyroid hormone**, which causes increased bone resorption and elevated blood calcium levels. - It can result in bone fragility, **osteitis fibrosa cystica**, and kidney stones, but it does not cause specific windswept deformity. *Scurvy* - Scurvy results from a severe deficiency of **vitamin C**, which is essential for collagen synthesis. - It presents with symptoms like bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and perifollicular hemorrhages, but it does not typically cause windswept deformity of the knees.
Question 37: Most common site of osteochondritis dissecans?
- A. Lateral part of the medial femoral condyle (Correct Answer)
- B. Medial part of the medial femoral condyle
- C. Lateral part of the lateral femoral condyle
- D. Medial part of the lateral femoral condyle
Explanation: ***Lateral part of the medial femoral condyle*** - This is the **most common site** for osteochondritis dissecans in the knee, accounting for about 85% of cases. - The condition involves a localized area of **osteonecrosis and subchondral bone separation** from the epiphysis, typically afflicting this specific load-bearing region. *Medial part of the medial femoral condyle* - This location is **less common** for osteochondritis dissecans compared to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle. - While osteochondral lesions can occur on any part of the condyle, the specific biomechanical stresses make the lateral part more susceptible. *Lateral part of the lateral femoral condyle* - Osteochondritis dissecans is **rarely found** in this location. - The lateral femoral condyle is generally less involved in osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. *Medial part of the lateral femoral condyle* - This site is also an **uncommon location** for osteochondritis dissecans. - The disease has a strong predilection for the medial femoral condyle, particularly its lateral aspect.
Question 38: Most common complication of intertrochanteric fracture femur is:
- A. Malunion (Correct Answer)
- B. Nerve injury
- C. Osteoarthritis
- D. Non-union
Explanation: ***Malunion*** - **Malunion** is the most common complication of intertrochanteric fractures, particularly with unstable fracture patterns or inadequate reduction and fixation. - This typically results in leg length discrepancy, gait disturbance, and persistent pain due to abnormal alignment. *Nerve injury* - **Nerve injury** is a rare complication of intertrochanteric fractures, as the major nerves (e.g., sciatic, femoral) are not in close proximity to the fracture site. - While possible with severe trauma or surgical errors, it is not considered the most common complication. *Osteoarthritis* - **Osteoarthritis** can develop years after an intertrochanteric fracture due to altered biomechanics, but it is a long-term sequela, not an immediate or most common post-fracture complication. - Early complications like malunion or infection are more prevalent. *Non-union* - **Non-union** is relatively uncommon in intertrochanteric fractures because this area of the femur has an excellent blood supply, which promotes healing. - This complication is more frequently seen in femoral neck fractures due to their tenuous blood supply.