NEET-PG 2013 - ENT PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Fenestration operation is which type of tympanoplasty?

Type-5. ***Type-5*** - **Fenestration operation** is classified as **Type V tympanoplasty** in Wullstein's classification. - This procedure creates a **new fenestra (window) in the lateral semicircular canal** to bypass a fixed oval window/stapes in cases of **otosclerosis**. - Sound waves are directed to this new window, bypassing the immobile stapes footplate. - Historically important procedure before **stapedectomy** became the standard treatment for otosclerosis. *Type-2* - **Type II tympanoplasty** involves repair with a **partially eroded malleus** where the graft is placed onto the **incus or remaining malleus**. - Requires an intact and mobile stapes, unlike fenestration which bypasses a fixed stapes. - Used for tympanic membrane perforations with minor ossicular damage. *Type-3* - **Type III tympanoplasty** involves placing the graft directly onto the **stapes head** (columella effect). - Performed when malleus and incus are eroded but stapes is intact and mobile. - This is **myringostapediopexy**, not fenestration. *Type-4* - **Type IV tympanoplasty** involves creating a **small middle ear cavity** with the graft placed over the **round window**. - Used when the stapes arch is absent but the footplate is mobile. - Different from fenestration as it utilizes the round window, not a semicircular canal fenestra. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the most common fungal cause of otomycosis?

Aspergillus. ***Aspergillus*** - **Aspergillus niger** and **Aspergillus flavus** are the most frequently isolated fungal species in cases of **otomycosis**. - These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments like the **external auditory canal** and produce spores that can cause infection. *Histoplasma* - **Histoplasma capsulatum** is associated with **histoplasmosis**, a systemic fungal infection that primarily affects the lungs. - It is not a common cause of otomycosis, as it typically causes **pulmonary and disseminated disease**, not external ear canal infections. *Rhinosporidium* - **Rhinosporidium seeberi** causes **rhinosporidiosis**, a chronic granulomatous disease that primarily affects the **mucous membranes of the nose and nasopharynx**. - While it can affect other mucous membranes, it is not a typical cause of **otomycosis**. *Actinomyces* - **Actinomyces** is a genus of **gram-positive bacteria**, not fungi, known for causing **actinomycosis**. - Actinomycosis is characterized by **abscess formation and fistulas** and does not typically present as otomycosis. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What are the potential causes of myringosclerosis?

Chronic inflammation from recurrent infections. ***Chronic inflammation from recurrent infections*** - **Myringosclerosis** is often a consequence of **chronic inflammation** and repair processes in the tympanic membrane (eardrum), commonly triggered by **recurrent otitis media** (middle ear infections). - The inflammatory exudates and subsequent healing lead to the deposition of **calcium and phosphate crystals** within the fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane, causing it to become stiff and opaque. *Genetic predisposition* - While genetics can play a role in some ear conditions, **myringosclerosis** is primarily an **acquired condition** rather than one solely determined by genetic factors. - No specific strong genetic link has been identified as a primary cause compared to environmental triggers. *Otosclerosis* - **Otosclerosis** is a condition affecting the **ossicles** (typically the stapes) in the middle ear, leading to conductive hearing loss due to abnormal bone growth, not directly affecting the tympanic membrane. - Myringosclerosis involves the eardrum itself, characterized by **calcification of the tympanic membrane**, which is distinct from the pathology of otosclerosis. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because **chronic inflammation from recurrent infections** is a well-established cause of myringosclerosis. - The presence of a correct answer negates this choice. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements about conductive deafness is true?

Rinne's test is negative in conductive deafness.. ***Rinne's test is negative in conductive deafness.*** - A **negative Rinne's test** indicates that **bone conduction is heard longer or equally as long as air conduction** in the affected ear. - This occurs because the sound transmission through the middle ear is impaired due to the conductive hearing loss. *Weber's test shows no lateralization in conductive deafness.* - In unilateral conductive deafness, the **Weber's test will lateralize to the affected ear**, not show no lateralization. - This is because the sound is perceived as louder in the ear with the conductive loss due to the masking effect of ambient noise being reduced. *There is no decay in threshold tone in conductive deafness.* - **Threshold tone decay** is typically associated with **retrocochlear lesions** (sensorineural hearing loss), not conductive deafness. - Conductive hearing loss is a mechanical problem that does not affect the persistence of auditory nerve firing. *Air conduction is always completely absent in conductive deafness during Rinne's test.* - While air conduction is poorer than bone conduction (making Rinne's negative), it is **not always completely absent**. - In a profound conductive loss, air conduction might be near absent, but in milder cases, it is simply significantly reduced compared to bone conduction. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following can cause unilateral sensorineural hearing loss?

Acoustic neuroma. ***Acoustic neuroma*** - An **acoustic neuroma** (vestibular schwannoma) is a benign tumor that grows on the **vestibulocochlear nerve** (cranial nerve VIII), which can compress the nerve and cause progressive unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. - Other associated symptoms often include **tinnitus** and **balance disturbances** (vertigo or unsteadiness). *Coronavirus* - While some reports suggest a rare association between **COVID-19** and sudden sensorineural hearing loss due to viral inflammation or vascular compromise, it is not a common or definitive cause of progressive unilateral hearing loss. - Hearing loss directly due to coronavirus infection is typically acute and bilateral, rather than chronic and unilateral. *Pertussis* - **Pertussis** (whooping cough) is a bacterial respiratory infection that does not typically cause sensorineural hearing loss. - Complications are primarily pulmonary, neurological (e.g., seizures due to hypoxia), or nutritional, not otological. *Rotavirus* - **Rotavirus** causes severe gastroenteritis, particularly in infants and young children. - There is no established link between rotavirus infection and sensorineural hearing loss. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Fenestration operation is which type of tympanoplasty?

Accepted Answer

Type-5

Answer

Type-3

Answer

Type-2

Answer

Type-4

Question 2

What is the most common fungal cause of otomycosis?

Accepted Answer

Aspergillus

Answer

Histoplasma

Answer

Rhinosporidium

Answer

Actinomyces

Question 3

What are the potential causes of myringosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation from recurrent infections

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Otosclerosis

Answer

None of the options

Question 4

Which of the following statements about conductive deafness is true?

Accepted Answer

Rinne's test is negative in conductive deafness.

Answer

Weber's test shows no lateralization in conductive deafness.

Answer

There is no decay in threshold tone in conductive deafness.

Answer

Air conduction is always completely absent in conductive deafness during Rinne's test

Question 5

Which of the following can cause unilateral sensorineural hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

Acoustic neuroma

Answer

Coronavirus

Answer

Pertussis

Answer

Rotavirus

Question 6

Bullous myringitis is caused by?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Candida

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 7

Cone of light focuses on which quadrant of tympanic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Anteroinferior

Answer

Posteroinferior

Answer

Anterosuperior

Answer

Posterosuperior

Question 8

Most commonly used tuning fork in ear examination?

Accepted Answer

512 Hz

Answer

128 Hz

Answer

256 Hz

Answer

1024 Hz

Question 9

Hearing loss of 65dB, what is the grade of deafness?

Accepted Answer

Moderately severe

Answer

Mild

Answer

Moderate

Answer

Severe

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is least likely to be associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

Accepted Answer

Distal renal tubular acidosis

Answer

Bartter syndrome

Answer

Alport syndrome

Answer

Nail-patella syndrome

NEET-PG 2013 — ENT