Growth/Development — MCQs

A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of right hip pain that started that afternoon. His mother reports that he has also been limping since the pain developed. He says that the pain worsens when he moves or walks. He participated in a dance recital yesterday, but his mother believes that he was not injured at the time. He was born at term and has been healthy except for an episode of nasal congestion and mild cough 10 days ago. His mother has rheumatoid arthritis and his grandmother has osteoporosis. He is at the 50th percentile for height and 50th percentile for weight. His temperature is 37.5°C (99.6°F), pulse is 105/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 90/78 mm Hg. His right hip is slightly abducted and externally rotated. Examination shows no tenderness, warmth, or erythema. He is able to bear weight. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 12.3 g/dL, a leukocyte count of 8,500/mm3, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 12 mm/h. Ultrasound of the right hip shows increased fluid within the joint. X-ray of the hips shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 5-week-old male infant is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 4-day history of recurrent nonbilious vomiting after feeding. He was born at 36 weeks' gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a 2-cm epigastric mass. Further diagnostic evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following?

An otherwise healthy 10-day-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of progressively enlarging breasts bilaterally for the last 4 days. The parents report that they have sometimes noticed a discharge of small quantities of a white liquid from the left breast since yesterday. During pregnancy, the mother was diagnosed with hypothyroidism and was treated with L-thyroxine. The patient's maternal grandmother died of breast cancer. The patient currently weighs 3100-g (6.8-lb) and is 51 cm (20 in) in length. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows symmetrically enlarged, nontender breasts, with bilaterally inverted nipples. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 15-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician’s office by his mother due to abnormal muscle tone and an inability to walk. He was able to control his head at 5 months of age, roll at 8 months of age, sit at 11 months of age, and develop hand preference at 13 months of age. On physical exam, he is observed to asymmetrically crawl. He has a velocity-dependent increase in tone and 3+ biceps and patellar reflexes. His startle, asymmetric tonic neck, and Babinski reflexes are present. Which of the following is the most common risk factor for developing this patient’s clinical presentation?

A 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother due to frequent vomiting, abdominal pain, and weakness. Over the last 5 days, has been noted to have polydipsia and polyuria. Family history is irrelevant. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.7°F), blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, and pulse is 110/min. Physical examination reveals no response to verbal commands, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, and rapid deep respirations. Laboratory results are shown: Random plasma glucose 420 mg/dL Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate elevated Fasting C-peptide undetectable Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies positive This patient's condition occurs as a result of which of the following?

An exclusively breast-fed, 4-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for a routine examination. He was born at term and delivery was uncomplicated. He received all standard treatment and testing prior to being discharged from the hospital. Examination shows no abnormalities. Without receiving additional supplementation at this time, this infant is at greatest risk of developing which of the following conditions?

A 5-year-old boy is brought in by his mother with reports of trouble at school. Teachers report that for the last 6 months he has been having difficulty finishing tasks, is easily distracted, frequently does not listen, commonly fails to finish schoolwork, has not been able to complete any of the class projects this year, and frequently loses school books and supplies. Teachers also say that he constantly fidgets, often leaves his seat without permission, has trouble being quiet, talks excessively, frequently interrupts his classmates when trying to answer questions, and has difficulty waiting in line. The mother states that she has also been noticing similar behaviors at home and that his symptoms have been affecting him negatively academically and socially. The patient has no significant past medical history. The patient is in the 90th percentile for height and weight and has been meeting all the developmental milestones. He is afebrile, and his vital signs are within normal limits. A physical examination is unremarkable. Which of the following medications is a first-line treatment for this patient’s most likely diagnosis?

An 8-month-old child presents with a history of poor growth and a chronic cough. He was born to a 21-year-old woman at 41 weeks of gestation. Soon after birth, he developed respiratory distress and was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit where he was mechanically ventilated for 24 hours. He was initially breastfed, but due to frequent vomiting and loose bowel movements, he was formula fed thereafter. Despite this change, he continued to have loose, large, greasy, foul-smelling stools and failure to thrive. When physically examined, his temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), heart rate is 120/min, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. Oxygen saturation is 97% on room air and the baby's weight is 6.7 kg (14.8 lb, < 5th percentile). HEENT examination is significant for bilateral otitis media and mild nasal congestion. Normal breath sounds with mild wheezing and rales are heard. Which condition best explains this patient's clinical presentation?

A 14-year-old boy presents with a 1-month history of gradual onset of pain immediately below his right kneecap. He has recently started playing basketball for the junior varsity team at his school, and he is very excited for the season to begin. Unfortunately, the pain in his knee is exacerbated by all the jumping activity during practice. The patient reports similar pain when climbing up and down the stairs. He denies any previous history of knee injury. Physical examination reveals full range of motion of his knee, but the pain is reproduced when the knee is extended against resistance. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting one day after he was a passenger in a low-velocity motor vehicle accident in which he was wearing an adult seatbelt. He has no personal or family history of serious illness. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 107/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 98/65 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes. The upper abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. A CT scan of the abdomen shows a large gastric bubble with mild gastric distention. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?