Bacteria — MCQs

A 19-year-old college student is admitted with fever, nuchal rigidity, and a petechial rash progressing to purpura. Lumbar puncture reveals CSF with WBC 2,800 cells/µL (90% neutrophils), glucose 28 mg/dL (serum glucose 95 mg/dL), and protein 180 mg/dL. A Gram stain of CSF demonstrates Gram-negative diplococci within neutrophils. Blood cultures are pending. The organism is subsequently found to be oxidase-positive and ferments both glucose and maltose. Which of the following characteristics best distinguishes Neisseria meningitidis from Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being found down outside of a bar. He does not have any identifying information and is difficult to arouse. On presentation, his temperature is 101.2°F (38.4°C), blood pressure is 109/72 mmHg, pulse is 102/min, and respirations are 18/min. Physical exam reveals an ill-appearing and disheveled man with labored breathing and coughing productive of viscous red sputum. Lung auscultation demonstrates consolidation of the left upper lobe of the patient. Given these findings, cultures are obtained and broad spectrum antibiotics are administered. Which of the following agar types should be used to culture the most likely organism in this case?

A 9-year-old girl comes to the clinic with a chief complaint of a swollen eye and sinus infection for 4 days. She complained of left nasal pain prior to these symptoms. The patient noticed that the swelling and redness of her left eye has progressively worsened. It has been difficult to open her eyelids, and she complains of diplopia and pain during ocular movement. The visual acuity is 20/20 in both eyes. Intraocular pressure measurement shows values of 23 and 14 mm Hg in the right and left eyes, respectively. The test results for the complete blood count, ESR, and CRP are as follows (on admission): CBC results Leukocytes 18,000 cells/mm3 Neutrophils 80% Lymphocytes 14% Eosinophils 1% Basophils 0% Monocytes 5% Hemoglobin 12 g/dL ESR 65 CRP 4.6 The organism causing the above condition is destroyed by which one of the following immunological processes?

A 40-year-old man presents to a community health center for a routine check-up. The medical history is significant for a major depressive disorder that began around the time he arrived in the United States from India, his native country. For the last few months, he has been living in the local homeless shelter and also reports being incarcerated for an extended period of time. The patient has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the last 20 years. The vital signs include the following: the heart rate is 68/min, the respiratory rate is 18/min, the temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), and the blood pressure is 130/88 mm Hg. He appears unkempt and speaks in a monotone. Coarse breath sounds are auscultated in the lung bases bilaterally. Which of the following is recommended for this patient?

A 28-year-old man presents to the office complaining of a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty opening his mouth for the past 5 days. He states that he had symptoms like this before and "was given some antibiotics that made him feel better". He is up to date on his immunizations. On examination, his temperature is 39.5°C (103.2°F) and he has bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. An oropharyngeal exam is difficult, because the patient finds it painful to fully open his mouth. However, you are able to view an erythematous pharynx as well as a large, unilateral lesion superior to the left tonsil. A rapid antigen detection test is negative. Based on this clinical presentation, what is a serious complication of the most likely diagnosis?