Gross Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: The Image shows the growth curve of different organs with age. Identify A in the graph.

Lymphoid Growth. ***Lymphoid Growth*** - Curve 'A' shows a rapid increase in size during **childhood**, peaking around **10-12 years of age**, and then declining to adult levels. - This pattern is characteristic of **lymphoid tissues** (e.g., thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils), which are larger relative to body size in childhood and undergo involution post-puberty. *Brain Growth* - **Neural growth** (like the brain) typically shows very rapid growth in early childhood, reaching close to adult size by about 6-7 years of age, and then leveling off. - Curve 'A' continues to grow rapidly much longer than expected for brain development and then shows a distinct decline. *Somatic Growth* - **General somatic growth** (e.g., body as a whole) shows a sigmoid curve, with rapid growth in infancy and adolescence, and a plateau in adulthood. - Curve 'A' peaks significantly above the 100% mark and then declines, which is not characteristic of overall somatic growth. *Gonadal Growth* - **Genital (gonadal) growth** remains relatively flat until puberty, after which it experiences a rapid increase. - Curve 'A' shows significant growth in early childhood and a peak before puberty, which is inconsistent with typical gonadal development. *Reproductive Growth* - **Reproductive growth** follows the same pattern as gonadal growth, remaining minimal until puberty with subsequent rapid increase. - Curve 'A' demonstrates early childhood growth and pre-pubertal peak, which does not match the reproductive growth pattern.

Q: Linear growth of bone is disturbed when a fracture occurs in which part?

Epiphyseal plate. ***Epiphyseal plate*** - The **epiphyseal plate**, also known as the **growth plate**, is a cartilaginous disc responsible for the **longitudinal growth** of long bones. - A fracture in this region can damage the **chondrocytes** and disrupt the normal process of endochondral ossification, leading to **growth arrest** or limb length discrepancy. *Epiphysis* - The **epiphysis** is the end part of a long bone, often covered by **articular cartilage**, forming a joint. - While an epiphyseal fracture can affect joint function, it typically does not directly disturb the **linear growth** of the bone unless it extends into the growth plate. *Diaphysis* - The **diaphysis** is the main or midsection of a long bone, composed primarily of **compact bone**. - Fractures in the diaphysis generally heal through **callus formation** and remodeling, usually without significantly impacting the overall **linear growth** of the bone. *Metaphysis* - The **metaphysis** is the wider portion of a long bone, adjacent to the growth plate and diaphysis. - Though highly vascular, fractures to the metaphysis usually heal well and do not directly control **linear bone growth** like the epiphyseal plate. *Periosteum* - The **periosteum** is the fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bones, important for **appositional growth** (bone widening) and fracture healing. - While it contains osteogenic cells that contribute to bone repair and thickness, it does not control **longitudinal bone growth**, which is the function of the epiphyseal plate.

Q: The Image shows the growth curve of different organs with age. Identify A in the graph

Brain Growth. ***Brain Growth*** - This graph shows a rapid increase in size during early childhood, reaching near-adult proportions by age 5-6, which is characteristic of **brain development**. - The brain undergoes significant myelinization and neuronal growth in the first few years of life, reflected in this steep curve. *Somatic Growth* - **Somatic growth** (body as a whole) generally follows a more gradual S-shaped curve, with two major growth spurts: one in infancy and another during puberty. - It does not plateau as early as curve A, but continues to increase significantly through adolescence. *Lymphoid Growth* - **Lymphoid tissues** (e.g., thymus, lymph nodes) show a unique growth pattern, peaking in size around 10-12 years of age and then involuting or decreasing in size during adolescence. - This pattern is distinctly different from curve A, which continuously increases and plateaus. *Gonadal Growth* - **Gonadal growth** (reproductive organs) typically shows minimal growth during childhood, with a pronounced and rapid increase in size starting at puberty (around 10-14 years of age). - This growth pattern is a later and more delayed surge compared to what is depicted in curve A. *Reproductive Growth* - **Reproductive growth** follows essentially the same pattern as gonadal growth, with minimal development during childhood and rapid acceleration during puberty. - Like gonadal tissues, reproductive organs show their major growth spurt much later than the early plateau seen in curve A.

Question 1

An axial MRI section through the brainstem is shown at the level indicated by the label 'caudal pons.' A 67-year-old man with hypertension presents with acute-onset left facial weakness involving the upper and lower face, left lateral gaze palsy, and right-sided limb weakness with an extensor plantar response on the right. The lesion responsible for all of these findings is most likely located in which region of the image?

Accepted Answer

Left tegmentum of the caudal pons, near the facial colliculus, with ventral extension into the basis pontis

Answer

Right tegmentum of the caudal pons, medial to the medial lemniscus

Answer

Right basis pontis, involving the corticospinal fibres only

Answer

Left tegmentum of the lower midbrain, near the red nucleus

Answer

Left medullary tegmentum, near the inferior olivary nucleus

Question 2

The Image shows the growth curve of different organs with age. Identify A in the graph.

Accepted Answer

Lymphoid Growth

Answer

Brain Growth

Answer

Somatic Growth

Answer

Gonadal Growth

Answer

Reproductive Growth

Question 3

Identify the labeled structures correctly in the axial CT image of the thorax

Accepted Answer

A - Ascending aorta, B - Pulmonary trunk, C - Superior vena cava, D - Descending aorta

Answer

A - Pulmonary trunk, B - Ascending aorta, C - Superior vena cava, D - Descending aorta

Answer

A - Superior vena cava, B - Pulmonary trunk, C - Ascending aorta, D - Descending aorta

Answer

A - Ascending aorta, B - Superior vena cava, C - Pulmonary trunk, D - Descending aorta

Answer

A - Pulmonary trunk, B - Superior vena cava, C - Ascending aorta, D - Descending aorta

Question 4

Linear growth of bone is disturbed when a fracture occurs in which part?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Answer

Epiphysis

Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Metaphysis

Answer

Periosteum

Question 5

The Image shows the growth curve of different organs with age. Identify A in the graph

Accepted Answer

Brain Growth

Answer

Somatic Growth

Answer

Lymphoid Growth

Answer

Gonadal Growth

Answer

Reproductive Growth

Gross Anatomy — MCQs

Gross Anatomy — MCQs

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