UPSC-CMS 2021 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following are correct regarding failure rate of contraceptive methods? 1. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 0 to 1 per HWY 2. Norplant 0.1 per HWY 3. LNG-IUS 0.02 per HWY 4. Levonorgestrel-only pills 3 per HWY

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - **Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)**, **Norplant** (levonorgestrel implants), and **Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)** are highly effective contraceptive methods with very low failure rates, typically below 1 pregnancy per 100 women-years (HWY) for typical use. - The quoted failure rates of 0 to 1 per HWY for DMPA, 0.1 per HWY for Norplant, and 0.02 per HWY for LNG-IUS are consistent with their known efficacy as **long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)** and hormonal methods. *1, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes the failure rate for **levonorgestrel-only pills (minipills)**. While minipills are effective, their typical use failure rate is generally higher than 3 per HWY, often closer to 7-10 pregnancies per 100 women-years due to the strict adherence required for daily dosing. - The failure rates for DMPA and LNG-IUS are accurate, but the inclusion of incorrectly low typical failure rate for levonorgestrel-only pills makes this option incorrect. *1, 2 and 4* - This option is incorrect because the typical failure rate of **levonorgestrel-only pills** is much higher than 3 per HWY in real-world use, often due to missed doses or delayed administration. - While DMPA and Norplant have low failure rates, the inaccuracy for levonorgestrel-only pills makes this choice invalid. *2, 3 and 4* - This option inaccurately suggests that the failure rate for **levonorgestrel-only pills** is 3 per HWY, which is generally lower than their actual typical use failure rates (closer to 7-10 pregnancies per 100 women-years). - The failure rates for Norplant and LNG-IUS are correct, but the error regarding levonorgestrel-only pills renders this option incorrect. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Steroidal contraceptives available in the basket of contraceptive choice from Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India are

Monophasic. ***Monophasic*** - **Monophasic oral contraceptive pills** are the formulation type available in India's National Family Planning Programme basket of contraceptive choices. - The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare provides **Mala-N** (Levonorgestrel 0.15mg + Ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg) and **Mala-D** (Desogestrel + Ethinyl estradiol) - both are monophasic formulations. - Monophasic pills contain a **fixed dose of estrogen and progestin** throughout the 21 active pill cycle, making them simpler to use and ensuring better compliance. *Biphasic* - **Biphasic pills** contain two different doses of hormones during the active pill cycle. - These are **not included** in the Government of India's national family planning programme basket of contraceptive choices. - Less commonly used compared to monophasic formulations. *Estrogen only pills* - **Estrogen-only pills** are not used as contraceptives due to the risk of **endometrial hyperplasia** and cancer if not balanced with progestin. - These are used for hormone replacement therapy or specific medical conditions, **not for contraception**. *Triphasic* - **Triphasic pills** contain three different dosages of hormones throughout the active pill cycle to mimic the natural menstrual cycle. - These are **not included** in the Government of India's national family planning programme basket. - Their varied dosing schedule is more complex and not preferred for widespread public health distribution. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: After male sterilization, additional contraceptive protection is

needed for 2 to 3 months. ***needed for 2 to 3 months*** - After **vasectomy**, residual **sperm** distal to the ligation site can remain in the ejaculatory ducts and vas deferens. - It takes approximately **20 ejaculations** or **2 to 3 months** for these sperm to be cleared from the reproductive tract, requiring additional contraception until **azoospermia** is confirmed. *not needed* - This option is incorrect because the male reproductive tract is not immediately sterile after a vasectomy due to the presence of **pre-existing sperm**. - Without additional contraception, there is a risk of **unintended pregnancy** until sterility is confirmed by follow-up testing. *needed for 1 to 2 months* - While closer, a duration of **1 to 2 months** may not be sufficient for all residual sperm to be cleared from the system. - The standard recommendation often extends to **3 months** or a specific number of ejaculations to ensure complete sterility. *needed for 1 month* - This duration is generally too short to ensure the complete clearance of **viable sperm** from the ejaculatory ducts after a vasectomy. - Relying on this period alone would carry a higher risk of **contraceptive failure**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The life expectancy at birth for a country A is 64 years. The minimum and maximum values of life expectancy are 20 years and 86 years respectively. As part of Human Development Index (HDI), what is the Life Expectancy Index for the country A ?

0.667. **0.667** - The Life Expectancy Index (LEI) is a component of the Human Development Index (HDI). - Formula: **LEI = (Actual Life Expectancy - Minimum Life Expectancy) / (Maximum Life Expectancy - Minimum Life Expectancy)** - Calculation: (64 - 20) / (86 - 20) = 44 / 66 = **0.667** - The index ranges from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate better life expectancy relative to the reference range. *0.512* - This value would result from calculation errors, such as using incorrect minimum or maximum values. - For example, if a different denominator was used or if the actual life expectancy was miscalculated. *0.970* - This value is too high and suggests a calculation error. - An index of 0.970 would indicate the country's life expectancy is 84 years (very close to the maximum of 86 years). *0.744* - This value does not correspond to the given parameters. - Could result from arithmetic errors or using different reference values for minimum/maximum life expectancy. - Using the correct formula with given values yields 0.667, not 0.744. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

As per ICMR guidelines, which of the following are the criteria for SARS-COV-2 exposure for a pregnant female during the COVID-19 pandemic?

1. Travel to an affected country within previous 14 days
2. Close contact with a confirmed case within a distance of 1 metre for more than 15 minutes
3. Residing in a containment zone
4. Healthcare workers examining a confirmed case without adequate protection

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Question 2

Which of the following are correct regarding failure rate of contraceptive methods?

1. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 0 to 1 per HWY
2. Norplant 0.1 per HWY
3. LNG-IUS 0.02 per HWY
4. Levonorgestrel-only pills 3 per HWY

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Question 3

Steroidal contraceptives available in the basket of contraceptive choice from Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India are

Accepted Answer

Monophasic

Answer

Biphasic

Answer

Estrogen only pills

Answer

Triphasic

Question 4

After male sterilization, additional contraceptive protection is

Accepted Answer

needed for 2 to 3 months

Answer

not needed

Answer

needed for 1 to 2 months

Answer

needed for 1 month

Question 5

The life expectancy at birth for a country A is 64 years. The minimum and maximum values of life expectancy are 20 years and 86 years respectively. As part of Human Development Index (HDI), what is the Life Expectancy Index for the country A ?

Accepted Answer

0.667

Answer

0.512

Answer

0.970

Answer

0.744

Question 6

Which of the following indicators stand consolidated in Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

1. Infant mortality
2. Life expectancy at age one
3. Per capita income
4. Literacy

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Question 7

Consider the following staff:

1. Medical Officer
2. Pharmacist
3. Anaesthetist
4. Health Educator Of them, who are routinely posted to a PHC ?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Question 8

Which one of the following management techniques helps in standardising the methods of performing jobs ?

Accepted Answer

Systems Analysis

Answer

Work Sampling

Answer

Personnel Management

Answer

Decision Making

Question 9

STDs are transmitted by

Accepted Answer

Direct contact

Answer

Contact with soil

Answer

Droplet infection

Answer

Vector borne

Question 10

In which one of the following study designs, the unit of study involves populations rather than individuals ?

Accepted Answer

Ecological studies

Answer

Cross-sectional studies

Answer

Cohort studies

Answer

Case-control studies

UPSC-CMS 2021 — Community Medicine