UPSC-CMS 2019 - Pathology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the statements regarding Salivary gland neoplasms are correct? 1. 80–90% of parotid tumors are benign 2. 90% of sublingual gland tumors are malignant 3. 60–70% of submandibular gland tumors are benign 4. Parotid gland is most common site for salivary gland tumors Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - The statement that **80–90% of parotid tumors are benign** is correct; pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor, and approximately 80% of parotid tumors are benign [1]. - The statement that **90% of sublingual gland tumors are malignant** is correct; sublingual gland tumors have the highest malignancy rate (70-90%) among major salivary glands [1]. - The statement that **60–70% of submandibular gland tumors are benign** is correct; approximately 50-65% of submandibular tumors are benign [1]. - Statement 4, while factually accurate that the parotid is the most common site, when combined with the other three statements may create ambiguity in the context of this specific question stem [1]. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly excludes statement 1, which accurately reflects that **80–90% of parotid tumors are benign** [1]. - While statements 2, 3, and 4 are individually correct, omitting the well-established benign predominance of parotid tumors makes this combination incomplete. *1, 2 and 4* - This option incorrectly excludes statement 3 about **submandibular gland tumors**, which correctly states that 60–70% are benign [1]. - The submandibular gland malignancy rate is an important epidemiological fact that should not be omitted. *1, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly excludes statement 2 about **sublingual gland tumors having 90% malignancy** [1]. - The high malignancy rate of sublingual tumors is a crucial high-yield fact for salivary gland pathology. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Head and Neck, pp. 750-755. [Practice more Pathology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In diffuse axonal injury all are true EXCEPT:

CT scan shows pathognomonic finding. ***CT scan shows pathognomonic finding*** - While CT scans can sometimes show petechial hemorrhages or small white matter lesions in **diffuse axonal injury (DAI)**, these findings are **not pathognomonic** and can be absent even in severe cases. - **MRI** is more sensitive for detecting microhemorrhages and white matter changes, but even MRI findings are not always definitively diagnostic of DAI, especially in milder forms. - CT scan has **low sensitivity** for DAI, often appearing normal or showing only subtle findings. *Usually causes prolonged coma* - **Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)** is a common cause of **prolonged coma** after traumatic brain injury, as widespread shearing forces disrupt neuronal connections [1]. - The severity and duration of coma correlate with the extent of axonal damage, with severe DAI typically resulting in immediate and prolonged loss of consciousness. *Seen in high energy* - DAI typically results from **high-energy acceleration-deceleration forces**, often seen in motor vehicle accidents or falls from significant heights [1]. - These forces cause differential movement between various parts of the brain, leading to **shearing and stretching of axons** [1]. *Form of primary brain injury* - DAI is considered a **primary brain injury** because the axonal damage occurs at the **moment of impact** due to mechanical forces [1]. - This contrasts with secondary brain injuries, which develop over time due to complications like edema or ischemia. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Central Nervous System, pp. 1262-1264. [Practice more Pathology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What is the correct order of the normal phases of wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Haemostatic phase → Inflammatory phase → Proliferative phase → Remodelling phase

Answer

Proliferative phase → Haemostatic phase → Inflammatory phase → Remodelling phase

Answer

Remodelling phase → Proliferative phase → Destructive phase → Inflammatory phase

Answer

Destructive phase → Proliferative phase → Remodelling phase → Inflammatory phase

Question 2

Which of the statements regarding Salivary gland neoplasms are correct?

1. 80–90% of parotid tumors are benign
2. 90% of sublingual gland tumors are malignant
3. 60–70% of submandibular gland tumors are benign
4. Parotid gland is most common site for salivary gland tumors

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Question 3

No increased relative risk of invasive breast carcinoma based on histopathological examination of benign breast tissue is for all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Solitary papilloma of lactiferous sinus

Answer

Squamous metaplasia

Answer

Usual ductal hyperplasia

Answer

Periductal mastitis

Question 4

In diffuse axonal injury all are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

CT scan shows pathognomonic finding

Answer

Seen in high energy

Answer

Form of primary brain injury

Answer

Usually causes prolonged coma

UPSC-CMS 2019 — Pathology