UPSC-CMS 2009 - Pediatrics PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Most common newborn rash which presents at 24-48 hours of life is

Erythema toxicum neonatorum. ***Erythematous papular pustular lesions*** - This description is characteristic of **Erythema toxicum neonatorum**, which is the **most common benign transient rash in newborns.** - It typically appears between **24 and 48 hours of life** and presents with discrete **erythematous macules**, papules, and pustules on a red base. *Milia* - Milia are **tiny, pearly white cysts** that are present from birth and are due to trapped keratin. - While common, they are **not typically red or pustular** and do not usually have a delayed onset at 24-48 hours specifically. *Transient neonatal pustular melanosis* - This rash is present at **birth** and consists of **non-erythematous pustules** that rupture to leave collarettes of scale and dark macules. - Unlike erythema toxicum, it **lacks the erythematous base** and is usually present earlier. *Erythematous maculopapular rash* - This is a **general description** that could fit several conditions but **lacks the specific pustular component** that is key to identifying erythema toxicum neonatorum. - While erythema toxicum has macules and papules, the **presence of pustules** is a hallmark. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Neural tube defects have which one of the following inheritance patterns ?

Multi-factorial. ***Multi-factorial*** - Neural tube defects (NTDs) are considered **multi-factorial**, meaning they result from a complex interaction between multiple genetic predispositions and environmental factors. - While there are genetic components, no single gene mutation typically explains the recurrence risk, and external factors like **folic acid deficiency** play a significant role. *X-linked recessive* - This inheritance pattern typically affects males more severely and exclusively, with females often being carriers, which is not the primary pattern observed in NTDs. - Conditions like **Duchenne muscular dystrophy** exhibit X-linked recessive inheritance. *Autosomal dominant* - A single copy of an altered gene on a non-sex chromosome is sufficient to cause the condition, resulting in a 50% chance of transmission to offspring, which does not match the observed inheritance pattern for NTDs. - Examples include **Huntington's disease** and **Marfan syndrome**. *Autosomal recessive* - Both copies of a gene on a non-sex chromosome must be altered for the condition to manifest, meaning parents are often carriers but unaffected, which isn't the primary inheritance pattern for NTDs. - Conditions like **cystic fibrosis** and **sickle cell anemia** follow autosomal recessive inheritance. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Most common newborn rash which presents at 24-48 hours of life is

Accepted Answer

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Answer

Milia

Answer

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

Answer

Erythematous maculopapular rash

Question 2

Neural tube defects have which one of the following inheritance patterns ?

Accepted Answer

Multi-factorial

Answer

X-linked recessive

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

Autosomal recessive

UPSC-CMS 2009 — Pediatrics