NEET-PG 2022 - Radiology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A delayed intravenous urogram of a patient is given below. What is the likely diagnosis?

Pelviureteric junction obstruction. ***Pelviureteric junction obstruction*** - The image shows marked **dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces** on the right side, with a relatively abrupt narrowing at the junction of the pelvis and ureter. - The delayed nature of the urogram suggests **impaired drainage** of contrast from the renal pelvis, accumulating proximal to the obstruction. *Putty kidney* - A "putty kidney" (or **autonecrotic kidney**) refers to a chronic, severely diseased kidney, often seen in end-stage **renal tuberculosis**, that has become calcified and non-functional. - This image demonstrates active contrast excretion and pelvicalyceal dilatation, not a calcified, non-functional organ. *Staghorn calculus* - A staghorn calculus is a **large, branched kidney stone** that occupies a significant portion of the renal collecting system. - While it can cause hydronephrosis, the image does not show a dense, radiopaque calculus filling the collecting system. *Cystic kidney* - **Cystic kidneys**, such as in polycystic kidney disease, are characterized by multiple fluid-filled sacs within the kidney parenchyma. - The image depicts dilatation of the collecting system, not diffuse cystic changes throughout the renal parenchyma. [Practice more Radiology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the role of fixer?

It removes the extra silver halides which are unfixed.. ***It removes the extra silver halides which are unfixed.*** - The fixer solution plays a crucial role in creating a permanent radiographic image by **dissolving and removing all unexposed and undeveloped silver halide crystals** from the film emulsion. - This process prevents the film from darkening over time and ensures that only the areas exposed to radiation, forming the latent image, remain visible. *It binds developer to film.* - The developer's role is to **convert exposed silver halide crystals into metallic silver**, creating the visible image, but it does not bind to the film permanently. - The fixer step follows development to remove unexposed crystals, not to bind the developer. *It takes away extra developer solution.* - While the fixer follows the developer bath, its primary role is not simply to remove residual developer solution; that function is more closely associated with the **rinse step** between development and fixing. - The main action of the fixer involves chemical removal of silver halides. *It strengthens/fixes the silver halides on to X-ray film.* - The developer is responsible for converting exposed silver halides into visible silver, but the fixer actually **removes the *unfixed*** silver halides, rather than strengthening or "fixing" them onto the film. - This removal is essential for a stable and clear image, as any remaining unfixed halides would eventually darken. [Practice more Radiology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A delayed intravenous urogram of a patient is given below. What is the likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pelviureteric junction obstruction

Answer

Putty kidney

Answer

Staghorn calculus

Answer

Cystic kidney

Question 2

What is the role of fixer?

Accepted Answer

It removes the extra silver halides which are unfixed.

Answer

It binds developer to film.

Answer

It takes away extra developer solution.

Answer

It strengthens/fixes the silver halides on to X-ray film.

NEET-PG 2022 — Radiology