INI-CET 2024 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: The thoracic duct crosses from the right to the left at the level of

T4-T5 vertebra. ***T4-T5 vertebra*** - The **thoracic duct** crosses from the right to the left side of the vertebral column at the level of the **T4-T5 vertebrae**, specifically just above the root of the left lung. - This crossover is an important anatomical landmark as it signifies the duct's ascent towards the neck to drain into the left subclavian vein. *T12 vertebra* - The **thoracic duct** originates from the **cisterna chyli** at the level of the L1 or L2 vertebra and ascends into the thorax at or below the T12 vertebra, it does not cross over at this level. - This level primarily marks its entry into the thoracic cavity, not its main crossover point. *T6 vertebra* - While the **thoracic duct** is present in the thorax at this level, it does not undergo its characteristic crossover from right to left at the T6 vertebra. - The duct continues its ascent along the right side of the vertebral column before moving across. *T2 vertebra* - By the level of the T2 vertebra, the **thoracic duct** has already crossed to the left side of the vertebral column and is ascending towards its termination in the neck. - The crossover event occurs more inferiorly, at the T4-T5 level. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the marked structure in the image.

Cerebellum. ***Cerebellum*** - The image points to the distinct, posterior inferior structure of the brain, characterized by its **folia** and arbour-vitae-like internal structure, which is the cerebellum. - The cerebellum is primarily involved in **motor control**, including coordination, precision, and accurate timing. *Cerebrum* - The cerebrum is the **largest part of the brain**, located superiorly, responsible for higher functions like thought, voluntary movement, and sensory processing. - It consists of two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum and is characterized by its **gyri** and **sulci**. *Brain stem* - The brain stem is located inferior to the cerebrum and anterior to the cerebellum, connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the **spinal cord**. - It controls vital functions such as **breathing**, heart rate, and sleep, and is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. *Corpus callosum* - The corpus callosum is a large, C-shaped nerve fiber bundle located deep within the brain, under the cerebral cortex. - Its primary function is to **connect the two cerebral hemispheres**, facilitating communication between them. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the type of joint in the image provided.

Synovial joint. ***Synovial joint*** - The image depicts a **costovertebral joint**, which connects a rib to a thoracic vertebra. These joints are **diarthrotic**, meaning they are freely movable, characteristic of synovial joints. - Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a **synovial cavity**, articular cartilage, an articular capsule, and synovial fluid, allowing for a wide range of motion. *Syndesmosis* - A syndesmosis is a type of **fibrous joint** where two bones are joined by a ligament or a membrane, allowing for very limited movement, such as the distal tibiofibular joint. - This definition does not match the image, which shows a joint designed for movement between the rib and vertebra. *Synarthrosis* - Synarthrosis is a classification for **immovable joints**, such as sutures in the skull. - The costovertebral joints, as shown, allow for movement during respiration and are therefore not synarthrotic. *Symphysis* - A symphysis is a type of **cartilaginous joint** where bones are joined by **fibrocartilage**, allowing for slight movement. Examples include the pubic symphysis or intervertebral discs. - The costovertebral joint shown in the image is a synovial articulation, not a cartilaginous joint. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: At which vertebral level is the ischial spine located?

S2. ***S2*** - The **ischial spine** is a bony projection located on the posterior border of the ischium [1]. - It is anatomically located at the vertebral level of **S2**, which is a crucial landmark especially in obstetrics for assessing the station of the fetal head during labor [1]. *L4* - The **L4 vertebral level** is generally associated with the **iliac crests** and is a common site for lumbar punctures. - It lies significantly superior to the ischial spine and is not a relevant landmark for its location. *S3-S5* - The vertebral levels **S3 to S5** primarily contribute to the formation of the lower sacrum and the coccyx. - While they are inferior to S2, they are not directly associated with the precise anatomical level of the ischial spine. *Coccygeal region* - The **coccygeal region** consists of the fused coccygeal vertebrae, forming the tailbone. - This region is located inferior to the sacrum and is distinct from the level of the ischial spine, which is situated higher on the pelvis. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

The thoracic duct crosses from the right to the left at the level of

Accepted Answer

T4-T5 vertebra

Answer

T12 vertebra

Answer

T2 vertebra

Answer

T6 vertebra

Question 2

Identify the marked structure in the image.

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brain stem

Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 3

Identify the type of joint in the image provided.

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Answer

Syndesmosis

Answer

Synarthrosis

Answer

Symphysis

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true regarding the anatomy of the breast?

Accepted Answer

The axillary tail of Spence crosses the anterior axillary fold

Answer

The superior medial quadrant has more tissue

Answer

The nipple is located at the level of the fourth intercostal space in most women

Answer

There are 15-20 lobules present

Question 5

At which vertebral level is the ischial spine located?

Accepted Answer

S2

Answer

L4

Answer

S3-S5

Answer

Coccygeal region

Question 6

Which of the following is the PRIMARY action of the superior oblique muscle?

Accepted Answer

Intorsion

Answer

Adduction

Answer

Abduction

Answer

Depression

Question 7

Spinal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal has 2nd order neurons to carry which sensation?

Accepted Answer

Pain

Answer

Proprioception

Answer

Touch

Answer

Vibration

Question 8

Substantia nigra is connected to which part of the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Striatum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Pallidum

Answer

Subthalamic nucleus

Question 9

Which structure is NOT present in the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Tail of the caudate nucleus

Answer

Fimbria

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Collateral eminence

Question 10

The bone matrix has the following crystals -

Accepted Answer

Calcium hydroxyapatite

Answer

Calcium pyrophosphate

Answer

Calcium phosphate

Answer

Calcium sulphate

INI-CET 2024 — Anatomy