Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: The image shows presence of which cells?

Langhans cells. ***Langhan cells*** - **Langhan cells** are a type of **giant cell** characterized by multiple nuclei arranged in a **horseshoe or peripheral pattern** [1]. - They are typically found in **granulomas**, especially those associated with **tuberculosis** and other chronic inflammatory conditions [1]. *Epithelioid cells* - **Epithelioid cells** are activated macrophages that resemble epithelial cells and are a key component of **granulomas** [1][2]. - While present in granulomas, they are **mononuclear** and do not have the characteristic multinucleated appearance with peripheral nuclei seen in the image [1]. *Anitschkow cells* - **Anitschkow cells** are plump macrophages with a characteristic **caterpillar nucleus** or **owl-eye appearance**. - They are pathognomonic for **rheumatic fever** and are found in **Aschoff bodies** within the myocardium, not typically in granulomas. *Mott cells* - **Mott cells** are plasma cells containing multiple large, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions called **Russell bodies**. - These inclusions are accumulations of **immunoglobulins** and are seen in conditions with chronic antigenic stimulation, such as **multiple myeloma** or chronic inflammation, but are not giant cells. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Inflammation and Repair, p. 109. [2] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. (Basic Pathology) introduces the student to key general principles of pathology, both as a medical science and as a clinical activity with a vital role in patient care. Part 2 (Disease Mechanisms) provides fundamental knowledge about the cellular and molecular processes involved in diseases, providing the rationale for their treatment. Part 3 (Systematic Pathology) deals in detail with specific diseases, with emphasis on the clinically important aspects., pp. 198-200.

Q: The ratio for Type-I to Type-III collagen during maturation of collagen in remodelling phase is :

2 : 1. **2 : 1** - During the maturation of **collagen in the remodeling phase**, Type-I collagen replaces Type-III collagen to provide greater tensile strength. - The mature scar tissue predominantly consists of **Type-I collagen**, with a typical Type-I to Type-III ratio around 2:1. *1 : 1* - A 1:1 ratio of Type-I to Type-III collagen is more characteristic of **early granulation tissue formation** rather than the mature remodeling phase. - In the initial stages of wound healing, there is a relatively high proportion of **Type-III collagen** for rapid closure and scaffolding. *4 : 1* - While the ratio does shift towards Type-I collagen, a 4:1 ratio of Type-I to Type-III collagen would imply an **even greater dominance of Type-I**, which is higher than the commonly accepted ratio for mature scar tissue. - This ratio is not typically observed in the normal remodeling process and might indicate a **hypertrophic scar** or keloid, if Type 1 is greatly increased as comparison to Type 3 *3 : 1* - A 3:1 ratio of Type-I to Type-III collagen represents a significant increase in Type-I collagen, but it is **not the most accurately recognized ratio** for mature collagen remodeling. - While the ratio moves in this direction, 3:1 is a less precise representation compared to the more commonly cited 2:1 for mature scar tissue.

Question 1

A 36-year-old woman with pneumococcal pneumonia develops a right pleural effusion. The pleural fluid displays a high specific gravity and contains large numbers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. Which of the following best characterizes this pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

Purulent exudate

Answer

Fibrinous exudate

Answer

Lymphedema

Answer

Serosanguineous exudate

Question 2

What is the most important amino acid for the formation of Neutrophilic Extracellular Traps (NETs)?

Accepted Answer

Citrulline

Answer

Leucine

Answer

Methionine

Answer

Valine

Question 3

After an incised wound, new collagen fibrils are seen along with a thick layer of growing epithelium. What is the approximate age of the wound?

Accepted Answer

4-5 days

Answer

12-24 hours

Answer

24-72 hours

Answer

About 1 week

Question 4

A 63-year-old man becomes febrile and begins expectorating large amounts of mucopurulent sputum. Sputum cultures are positive for Gram-positive diplococci. Which of the following mediators of inflammation provides potent chemotactic factors for the directed migration of inflammatory cells into the alveolar air spaces of this patient?

Accepted Answer

N-formylated peptides

Answer

Bradykinin

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Myeloperoxidase

Question 5

Which of the following complement factors is present in the final common terminal pathway?

Accepted Answer

C5

Answer

C4

Answer

C3

Answer

Factor B

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true concerning the vascular response to injury?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction is an early event in the response to injury.

Answer

Vasodilatation is a detrimental response to injury with normal body processes working to avoid this process.

Answer

Vascular permeability is maintained to prevent further cellular injury.

Answer

Histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important mediators of local vasoconstriction.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of a granuloma?

Accepted Answer

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes with fibrinoid necrosis and cellular infiltrates

Answer

Chronic inflammatory infiltrate

Answer

Epithelioid cells

Answer

Giant cells

Question 8

Which of the following is not a proinflammatory cytokine?

Accepted Answer

IL 10

Answer

IL 8

Answer

IL 11

Answer

TNF alpha

Question 9

The image shows presence of which cells?

Accepted Answer

Langhans cells

Answer

Epithelioid cells

Answer

Anitschkow cells

Answer

Mott cells

Question 10

The ratio for Type-I to Type-III collagen during maturation of collagen in remodelling phase is :

Accepted Answer

2 : 1

Answer

1 : 1

Answer

4 : 1

Answer

3 : 1

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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