Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: Which prostaglandin is primarily responsible for fever?

PGE2. **Explanation:** **Why PGE2 is the correct answer:** Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the ultimate mediator of fever. During inflammation or infection, exogenous pyrogens (like bacterial LPS) stimulate immune cells to release endogenous pyrogens, primarily **IL-1 and TNF**. These cytokines travel to the hypothalamus, where they induce the enzyme **Cyclooxygenase (COX)** to convert arachidonic acid into **PGE2** [1]. PGE2 then acts on the EP3 receptors in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, triggering a reset of the thermoregulatory set-point to a higher level, resulting in fever. This is the physiological basis for using NSAIDs (COX inhibitors) as antipyretics. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **PGD2:** Primarily produced by mast cells; it is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, but it does not mediate fever. * **PGF2α:** Primarily involved in uterine contractions (oxytocic effect) and bronchoconstriction. It is not a mediator of the systemic inflammatory response like fever. * **PGI2 (Prostacyclin):** Produced by vascular endothelium; it is a potent vasodilator and an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. While it contributes to the "pain" and "redness" of inflammation, it is not the primary pyrogen. **High-Yield NEET-PG Pearls:** * **PGE2 Triple Threat:** Remember PGE2 for **P**ain, **P**yrexia (Fever), and **P**atency of the Ductus Arteriosus [1]. * **Cytokine Trigger:** IL-1 is the most potent cytokine inducer of PGE2 in the hypothalamus [1]. * **Aspirin Mechanism:** Aspirin reduces fever by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2, thereby blocking the synthesis of PGE2. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Inflammation and Repair, p. 101.

Question 1

All of the following facts related to chronic inflammation are true, except:

Accepted Answer

Dominant cells in chronic inflammation are neutrophils.

Answer

It can be severe and progressive.

Answer

Granulomas are an example of chronic inflammation.

Answer

Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and certain cancers.

Question 2

Epithelioid granuloma may be seen in all of the following conditions except?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis carinii

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Question 3

All of the following are angiogenic factors EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

IFN

Answer

VEGF

Answer

PDGF

Answer

TGF-β

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of a granulomatous disease?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma infection

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Leprosy

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Question 5

A 75-year-old woman presents with recent onset of chest pain, fever, and productive cough with rust-colored sputum. A chest X-ray reveals an infiltrate in the right middle lobe. Sputum cultures are positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Phagocytic cells in the patient's affected lung tissue generate bactericidal hypochlorous acid using which of the following enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Myeloperoxidase

Answer

Catalase

Answer

Cyclooxygenase

Answer

Superoxide dismutase

Question 6

Arrange the steps in cellular changes in inflammation in the correct sequence?

Accepted Answer

Margination, Diapedesis, Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis, Respiratory burst

Answer

Chemotaxis, Diapedesis, Margination, Respiratory burst, Phagocytosis

Answer

Chemotaxis, Margination, Diapedesis, Phagocytosis, Respiratory burst

Answer

Phagocytosis, Margination, Chemotaxis, Diapedesis, Respiratory burst

Question 7

Which of the following statements is not true regarding NETosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condensation

Answer

Causes death of neutrophils

Answer

Detected in blood in patients with sepsis

Answer

Plays a role in the pathogenesis of SLE

Question 8

A 5-year-old boy punctures his thumb with a rusty nail. Four hours later, the thumb appears red and swollen. The initial swelling of the boy's thumb is primarily due to which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary permeability

Answer

Decreased intravascular hydrostatic pressure

Answer

Decreased intravascular oncotic pressure

Answer

Increased intravascular oncotic pressure

Question 9

Which prostaglandin is primarily responsible for fever?

Accepted Answer

PGE2

Answer

PGD2

Answer

PGF2a

Answer

PGI2

Question 10

Which of the following infections is associated with persistent neutrophil recruitment even after 24 hours of infection?

Accepted Answer

Pseudomonas

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Virus

Answer

Protozoa

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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