Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: What is the most potent chemoattractant for neutrophils?

IL-8. **Explanation:** The recruitment of leukocytes to a site of inflammation is a highly regulated process involving cytokines and chemokines. **Interleukin-8 (IL-8)**, also known as CXCL8, is a specialized chemokine produced by macrophages, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. Its primary function is the **potent chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils**. It binds to CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors on neutrophils, inducing a conformational change in integrins (increasing adhesion) and directing their migration through the vascular wall toward the site of injury (chemotaxis). **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **IL-1:** This is a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily involved in inducing **fever** (endogenous pyrogen) and upregulating adhesion molecules (E-selectin) on endothelial cells. While it initiates the inflammatory cascade, it is not a direct chemoattractant for neutrophils. * **IL-6:** This cytokine is the chief stimulator of the **acute-phase response** in the liver (inducing CRP, fibrinogen, and hepcidin). It bridges innate and adaptive immunity but does not function as a primary neutrophil chemoattractant. * **IL-2:** Produced by T-cells (Th1), IL-2 is a T-cell growth factor responsible for the **proliferation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes** and NK cells. It has no direct role in neutrophil recruitment. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Other potent neutrophil chemoattractants:** Apart from IL-8, remember **LTB4** (Leukotriene B4), **C5a** (Complement component), and **fMet-Leu-Phe** (bacterial products). * **Mnemonic for Neutrophil Chemotaxis:** "Clean Up On Aisle 8" (C5a, LTB4, Other bacterial products, IL-8). * IL-8 also plays a role in **angiogenesis**, which is relevant in tumor metastasis.

Question 1

In the healing of a clean wound, by which day is the maximum immediate strength reached?

Accepted Answer

13 - 18 days

Answer

2 - 3 days

Answer

4 - 7 days

Answer

10 - 12 days

Question 2

Which of the following is not an activator of the alternate complement system?

Accepted Answer

Immune complex

Answer

Factor H

Answer

IgA

Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which mechanism of increased vascular permeability in the inflammatory process is characterized by direct endothelial injury to venules, capillaries, and arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Immediate sustained response

Answer

Immediate transient response

Answer

Endothelial cell retraction

Answer

None of the above

Question 4

Epithelioid cells are seen in all of the following conditions except?

Accepted Answer

Granulation tissue

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Question 5

Delayed prolonged vascular leakage can result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Burns

Answer

X-rays

Answer

Exposure to the sun

Question 6

Which of the following pattern recognition receptors recognize products of necrotic cells?

Accepted Answer

NOD-like receptors (NLRs)

Answer

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

Answer

Lectin type receptors

Answer

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs)

Question 7

Which of the following occurs during scar formation?

Accepted Answer

Type I collagen replaces type III collagen

Answer

Deposition of type I and type III collagen

Answer

Type III collagen replaces type I collagen

Answer

None of the above

Question 8

Which one of the following statements best describes the process called chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cells toward a certain site or source

Answer

Abnormal fusion of phagosomes to primary lysosomes

Answer

Attachment of chemicals to extracellular material to increase phagocytosis

Answer

Dilation of blood vessels by chemotherapeutic drugs

Question 9

What is the primary role of P-selectin in the process of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium

Answer

Stable adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium

Answer

Directing leukocytes to specific lymphoid tissues

Answer

Passage of leukocytes through the endothelial barrier

Question 10

What is the most potent chemoattractant for neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

IL-8

Answer

IL-1

Answer

IL-6

Answer

IL-2

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?