Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: Major basic proteins are produced by which type of cell?

Eosinophil. **Explanation:** **Major Basic Protein (MBP)** is the primary constituent of the crystalline core of **Eosinophil** granules. It is a highly cytotoxic polypeptide that plays a critical role in the body's defense against helminthic parasites by damaging the parasite's tegument. * **Why Eosinophil is Correct:** Eosinophils contain specialized secondary granules consisting of a crystalloid core (containing MBP) and a surrounding matrix (containing Eosinophil Cationic Protein, Eosinophil Peroxidase, and Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin). MBP is potent enough to cause degranulation of mast cells and basophils and can also cause epithelial damage in conditions like bronchial asthma [1]. * **Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Lymphocytes:** These are agranulocytes involved in adaptive immunity (T-cells and B-cells) and do not contain MBP. * **Neutrophils:** Their primary granules (azurophilic) contain myeloperoxidase and defensins, while secondary granules contain lactoferrin and collagenase. They do not produce MBP. * **Basophils:** While they share some mediators with eosinophils, their granules primarily contain histamine, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** 1. **Charcot-Leyden Crystals:** These are hexagonal, needle-like crystals found in the sputum of asthma patients (Curschmann spirals) and result from the breakdown of eosinophil membranes (specifically **Galectin-10**). 2. **Eosinophilia:** Classically seen in **PACMAN**: **P**arasitic infections, **A**sthma/Allergies, **C**hurg-Strauss syndrome, **M**yeloproliferative disorders, **A**ddison’s disease, and **N**eoplasia (Hodgkin Lymphoma). 3. MBP is a potent trigger for **histamine release** from mast cells, linking eosinophilic inflammation to immediate hypersensitivity reactions. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Lung, pp. 688-689.

Q: All of the following bacterial proteins are secreted from the primary granules of neutrophils except:

Lactoferrin. **Explanation:** The correct answer is **Lactoferrin**. Neutrophils contain two main types of granules—**Primary (Azurophilic)** and **Secondary (Specific)**—which house different antimicrobial proteins essential for intracellular killing. 1. **Why Lactoferrin is the correct answer:** Lactoferrin is a characteristic marker of **Secondary (Specific) granules**. It acts by sequestering iron, an essential nutrient for bacterial growth, thereby exerting a bacteriostatic effect. Since the question asks for proteins secreted from *primary* granules *except* one, Lactoferrin is the outlier. 2. **Analysis of Incorrect Options (Primary Granule components):** * **Bacterial permeability-increasing (BPI) protein:** Found in primary granules; it highly targets Gram-negative bacteria by binding to LPS. * **Defensins:** These are cationic proteins found in primary granules that create pores in bacterial membranes. * **Lysozyme:** This enzyme is unique because it is found in **both** primary and secondary granules. Since it is present in primary granules, it is not the "except" answer. It works by cleaving the glycan backbone of peptidoglycan. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Primary (Azurophilic) Granules:** Contain **Myeloperoxidase (MPO)** (the most specific marker), BPI, Defensins, Elastase, and Lysozyme. * **Secondary (Specific) Granules:** Contain **Lactoferrin**, Vitamin B12-binding protein, Collagenase, and Lysozyme. * **Mnemonic for Primary:** "B-L-E-D" (BPI, Lysozyme, Elastase, Defensins) + MPO. * **Clinical Correlation:** In **Chediak-Higashi Syndrome**, there is a defect in lysosomal trafficking leading to giant azurophilic granules, resulting in impaired chemotaxis and degranulation.

Question 1

All of the following statements about Xanthogranulomatous inflammation are true, except:

Accepted Answer

Associated with Tuberculosis

Answer

Foam cells are seen

Answer

Yellow nodules are seen

Answer

Multinucleated Giant cells are seen

Question 2

Major basic proteins are produced by which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Basophil

Question 3

What is the most efficient bactericidal system of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

H2O2-MPO-Halide

Answer

NADPH oxidase

Answer

Lysozyme

Answer

Reactive nitrogen species

Question 4

All of the following bacterial proteins are secreted from the primary granules of neutrophils except:

Accepted Answer

Lactoferrin

Answer

Bacterial cell permeability protein

Answer

Defensins

Answer

Lysozyme

Question 5

Which of the following is true about thromboxane-A2?

Accepted Answer

Platelet aggregation

Answer

Vasodilation

Answer

Potentiation of edema

Answer

Formed in endothelium

Question 6

Necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas are seen in all of the following conditions, except?

Accepted Answer

Leprosy

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Wegener's granulomatosis

Answer

Cat's Scratch disease

Question 7

Which of the following families of glycoproteins plays the most important role in regulating the migration and differentiation of leukocytes and connective tissue cells during wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Integrins

Answer

Cadherins

Answer

Fibrillins

Answer

Laminins

Question 8

Which of the following is a labile cell?

Accepted Answer

Surface epithelium

Answer

Cardiac cell

Answer

Liver parenchymal cell

Answer

Vascular endothelial cells

Question 9

What is the most important role of bradykinin in acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Increase in vascular permeability

Answer

Vasodilatation

Answer

Mediation of pain

Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Question 10

Which of the following blood vessels is most likely to be affected by endothelial cell retraction?

Accepted Answer

Venules

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Arterioles

Answer

None of the above

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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