Inflammation and Repair Practice Questions

Q: All of the following are observed in acute inflammation, except?

Decreased hydrostatic pressure. Acute inflammation is a rapid response to injury or infection characterized by vascular changes and cellular recruitment [1]. The correct answer is **D (Decreased hydrostatic pressure)** because, in acute inflammation, hydrostatic pressure actually **increases**, not decreases. **Why Option D is Correct:** During acute inflammation, arteriolar vasodilation occurs, leading to increased blood flow (hyperemia) to the capillary bed. This surge in blood volume raises the **capillary hydrostatic pressure**, which serves as a primary driving force for the movement of fluid into the extravascular space (edema formation). **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **A. Vasodilation:** This is one of the earliest manifestations of acute inflammation. It is mediated by histamine and nitric oxide acting on vascular smooth muscle, leading to the classic signs of redness (*rubor*) and warmth (*calor*) [1]. * **B. Stasis of blood:** As fluid leaves the vessels due to increased permeability, the remaining blood becomes more viscous (concentrated red cells). This slows the blood flow, a process called stasis, which allows leukocytes to marginate along the endothelium. * **C. Increase in vascular permeability:** This is the hallmark of acute inflammation [1]. Endothelial cell contraction (induced by histamine/bradykinin) creates "gaps," allowing protein-rich fluid (exudate) to escape into tissues [2]. **NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls:** * **Starling’s Hypothesis:** Edema in inflammation is caused by **increased hydrostatic pressure** AND **increased vascular permeability**, often coupled with **decreased osmotic pressure** (due to protein loss). * **Triple Response of Lewis:** Includes flush (capillary dilation), flare (arteriolar dilation), and wheal (exudation/edema). * **Sequence of Events:** Vasoconstriction (transient) → Vasodilation → Increased permeability → Stasis → Leukocyte Margination.

Question 1

Which component does C3 convertase act on?

Accepted Answer

C3

Answer

C4b2b

Answer

C4b2B3a

Answer

C4b

Question 2

The complex process of leukocyte movements through the blood vessels includes all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Rolling

Answer

Adhesion

Answer

Migration

Question 3

A 24-year-old delivery driver sustains a wide abrasion over his left elbow resulting in the total loss of epidermis over a large area of his left arm. One month later, the abrasion has healed with regrowth of the epidermis. Which of the following mechanisms accounts for the restoration of the epidermis over the abraded area?

Accepted Answer

Growth of epidermis from hair follicles and sweat glands in the dermis

Answer

Migration of endothelial cells from newly grown capillaries

Answer

Transformation of dermal fibroblasts into epidermal cells

Answer

Transformation of macrophages into epidermal cells

Question 4

All of the following are observed in acute inflammation, except?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hydrostatic pressure

Answer

Vasodilation

Answer

Stasis of blood

Answer

Increase in vascular permeability

Question 5

Systemic features of inflammation, such as fever and hypotension, are primarily mediated by which of the following types of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines

Answer

Lipoxins

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Leukotrienes

Question 6

What are the central cellular players in the repair process?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Platelets

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an acute phase reactant?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

C-reactive protein

Answer

Ferritin

Answer

Ceruloplasmin

Question 8

What is the primary action of metalloproteinases?

Accepted Answer

Degradation of collagen

Answer

Polymerization of collagen

Answer

Oxidation of collagen

Answer

Stimulation of collagen

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the SIRS diagnostic criteria is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Bandemia <5%

Answer

Bandemia >10%

Answer

Leukocytosis >12,000 cells/mm³

Answer

Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min

Question 10

Which of the following helps in generating the oxygen burst in neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

NADPH oxidase

Answer

Superoxide dismutase

Answer

Catalase

Answer

Glutathione peroxidase

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

Inflammation and Repair — MCQs

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