General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: A patient diagnosed with bronchiectasis develops features of nephrotic syndrome. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Amyloidosis. **Explanation:** The correct answer is **Amyloidosis**, specifically **Secondary (AA) Amyloidosis**. **1. Why Amyloidosis is correct:** Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as **bronchiectasis**, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis, lead to the chronic overproduction of **Serum Amyloid A (SAA)**, an acute-phase reactant. This protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage and deposits in tissues as insoluble **AA amyloid fibrils**. The kidney is the most common organ involved in AA amyloidosis, typically presenting as asymptomatic proteinuria that rapidly progresses to **Nephrotic Syndrome** [1]. **2. Why the other options are incorrect:** * **SLE:** While SLE causes lupus nephritis (nephrotic syndrome), it is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder not directly triggered by chronic suppurative lung diseases like bronchiectasis. * **Cystic Fibrosis:** Although CF is a common cause of bronchiectasis, the CF itself does not cause nephrotic syndrome. However, a CF patient could *develop* amyloidosis due to chronic infection, making Amyloidosis the more specific pathological diagnosis for the renal finding [1]. * **HIV:** HIV is associated with HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN), which presents as nephrotic syndrome (typically collapsing FSGS), but it is not etiologically linked to bronchiectasis. **3. High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Staining:** Amyloid shows **Apple-green birefringence** under polarized light when stained with **Congo Red**. * **Kidney Size:** Unlike most causes of chronic kidney disease, amyloidosis often presents with **enlarged or normal-sized kidneys** on ultrasound. * **Most common cause of AA Amyloidosis (Global):** Rheumatoid Arthritis. * **Most common cause of AA Amyloidosis (India):** Tuberculosis/Chronic infections. * **Biopsy site:** While renal biopsy is definitive, a **rectal biopsy** or **abdominal fat pad aspiration** are less invasive screening methods.

Question 1

Dystrophic calcification is seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Atheroma

Answer

Paget disease

Answer

Renal osteodystrophy

Answer

Milk alkali syndrome

Question 2

A phenotypically normal woman, whose father was color blind, marries a phenotypically normal man. What is the probability of their son being color blind?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

0%

Question 3

PAS stains the following, except:

Accepted Answer

Basement membrane of bacteria

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Fungal cell wall

Question 4

What is the conventional site for taking a biopsy in secondary amyloidosis?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal fat aspirate

Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidney

Answer

Rectum

Question 5

Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in which of the following conditions, except?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Serum sickness

Answer

Arthus reaction

Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 6

A patient diagnosed with bronchiectasis develops features of nephrotic syndrome. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Amyloidosis

Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic morphological feature of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Councilman bodies

Answer

Chromatid bodies

Answer

Citron bodies

Answer

Call-Exner bodies

Question 8

The histological feature of shock includes:

Accepted Answer

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Answer

Pulmonary congestion

Answer

Depletion of lipids in adrenal cortex

Answer

Hepatic necrosis

Question 9

Which of the following pigment is deposited in aging heart?

Accepted Answer

Lipofuscin

Answer

Hemosiderin

Answer

Ceruloplasmin

Answer

None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Councilman bodies

Answer

Gamma Gandy bodies

Answer

Russell bodies

Answer

None of the above

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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