Maternal Physiological Changes — MCQs

Compared to a pregnant female, a lactating female would require a higher level of nutrient supplementation for which of the following?

Milk production in pregnancy is inhibited by :

All are cardiovascular system changes in pregnancy except.

Cardiac output in pregnancy shows significant increase from which week of gestation

Which physiological adaptation does not happen at high altitudes?

Placenta grade 3, 35+3 weeks pregnancy, and absent end diastolic flow Doppler; next management is:

The net effect of antenatal care has been the following EXCEPT:

Newborns typically lose how much weight in the first week?

A 32-year-old G3P2 woman at 34 weeks of gestation presents with sudden onset painless bright-red vaginal bleeding. She has no uterine contractions and the uterus is soft on palpation. Fetal heart rate is 148 bpm and reactive. She is hemodynamically stable and the bleeding has decreased. The transvaginal ultrasound is shown (Image 1). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 34-year-old G2P1 woman at 38 weeks of gestation with known gestational hypertension is in active labor and is currently receiving intravenous oxytocin augmentation. The midwife notes a change in the fetal heart rate pattern on continuous electronic fetal monitoring and calls for review. The CTG tracing is shown (Image 1), demonstrating recurrent late decelerations — decelerations that begin after the peak of uterine contractions and return to baseline after the contraction ends — occurring with the majority of contractions, along with reduced baseline variability (5–10 bpm) and a baseline fetal heart rate of 145 bpm. Cervical examination reveals 6 cm dilation, fully effaced, with the vertex at station +1. What is the most appropriate immediate next step?