Pulmonology — MCQs

A non-smoker patient presents with a cough of more than 3 months duration and a normal chest X-ray. All of the following are potential causes of chronic cough EXCEPT:

A 40-year-old man with a history of substance abuse and HIV infection presents with fever, weight loss, production of foul-smelling sputum, and shortness of breath for 2 weeks. Physical examination reveals tachypnea and clubbing of his digits. Lung auscultation demonstrates diffuse rhonchi and an area of egophony with whispering pectoriloquy in the right posterior chest. Arterial blood gases show a PaO2 of 59 mm Hg on room air. A chest X-ray is available. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Proximal bronchiectasis and segmental collapse in a patient with chronic persistent asthma should raise suspicion for which of the following conditions?

Which of the following is the investigation of choice for interstitial lung disease?

In a patient with pulmonary embolism, right ventricle hypokinesia, and decreased output, which drug therapy is most helpful?

A 64-year-old woman presents with complaints of dyspnea and orthopnea. She is a lifelong non-smoker. Her pulmonary function testing is as follows. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A 23-year-old man is experiencing a flare of his asthma. He is using his salbutamol inhaler more frequently than usual and despite increasing his inhaled steroids, he is still short of breath. Previously, his asthma was considered mild with no severe exacerbations requiring oral steroids or hospitalization. With his flare, he has recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction, fever, malaise, and expectoration of brownish mucous plugs. On examination, there is bilateral wheezing. The heart, abdomen, neurologic, and skin exams are normal. CXR reveals upper lobe pulmonary infiltrates; the eosinophil count is 3000/mL, and serum precipitating antibodies to Aspergillus are positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

What is the most common symptom of Pulmonary embolism?

A 36-year-old woman with a history of obstructive sleep apnea is admitted with acute shortness of breath, cough with greenish sputum, and fever. On physical examination, she is febrile and has decreased breath sounds generally and diffuse bilateral rhonchi. ABGs: pH 7.32; PCO2 47 mm Hg; PO2 65 mm Hg with O2 saturation 87%. The patient improves initially but has a respiratory arrest as she is being moved to the ICU, requiring emergency endotracheal intubation. While a CXR is ordered, it is noted that she has absent breath sounds on the left side. What is the most likely diagnosis based on the clinical presentation and the finding of absent breath sounds on the left side prior to CXR results?

A 45-year-old male presents with 2 days of haemoptysis, coughing up 1-3 tablespoons of blood daily. He also reports mild chest pain, low-grade fevers, and weight loss. For the past year, he has experienced severe upper respiratory symptoms, including frequent epistaxis and purulent discharge, treated with multiple antibiotic courses. His medications include daily aspirin and lovastatin. On examination, vital signs are normal. The upper airway shows a saddle nose deformity, and lung auscultation is clear. A CT scan of the chest reveals multiple cavitating nodules, and urinalysis shows RBCs. Which of the following tests offers the highest diagnostic yield to make the appropriate diagnosis?