Health Policy and Management Practice Questions

Q: Identify the symbol as given in the image below:

NREGA Act 2005. ***NREGA Act 2005*** - The image prominently displays symbols of manual labor (hoe, seedling, person carrying a load of soil) and the number "100" in the load, representing the **100 days of guaranteed wage employment** under the **Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)**. - This scheme ensures **livelihood security** in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. *Organ Transplantation Act 1994* - This law is focused on regulating the **removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs** for therapeutic purposes and preventing commercial dealings in human organs. - Its visual representation would typically involve symbols related to anatomy, medicine, or donation, not manual labor. *PNDT Act 1994* - The **Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act** aims to prohibit sex selection before or after conception. - Symbols for this act usually relate to gender equality, prenatal care, or ethical medical practices, not rural employment. *ICDS* - **Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)** is a government program in India that provides food, preschool education, primary healthcare, immunization, health check-up, and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers. - Its symbols would likely involve children, mothers, nutrition, or educational elements, which are not depicted in the given image.

Q: Chairman of agency shown in the image given below:

The options are missing from the input, please provide the options to generate the complete explanation.

Q: The logo shown in the image belongs to which organization?

National Leprosy Eradication Programme. ***National Leprosy Eradication Programme*** - The logo shown in the image belongs to **NLEP**, which is a **vertical health program** under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare focused on **leprosy elimination** in India. - **NLEP** operates nationwide with specific branding and visual identity for **leprosy control activities**, **case detection**, and **multidrug therapy** implementation. *National Disaster Management Authority* - **NDMA** has a distinct logo representing **disaster management** and **emergency response** coordination, which differs from the organization shown in the image. - It serves as the **apex body** for disaster preparedness but has different visual branding than what is displayed. *National AIDS Control Organization* - **NACO** uses specific branding related to **HIV/AIDS prevention** and **red ribbon campaigns**, which is visually different from the logo shown. - Its visual identity focuses on **HIV awareness** messaging and **prevention campaigns** rather than the organizational branding displayed in the image. *National Programme for Control of Blindness* - **NPCB** has distinct visual branding related to **eye health** and **vision care**, featuring different logo design elements. - Its branding typically incorporates **eye-related imagery** and **vision care symbols** that differ from the logo presented in the question.

Q: Which is not true about the picture shown below?

It does not cover the Indian system of medicine. ***It does not cover the Indian system of medicine*** - This statement is **NOT TRUE** and is the correct answer to this negation question. - The **National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)** strongly emphasizes the mainstreaming of **AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy)** to provide alternative healthcare options. - NRHM actively integrates AYUSH practitioners and therapies into the public health system, particularly in rural areas, making this statement false. *This was launched as a 7-year mission* - This statement is **TRUE**. The NRHM was launched in **2005** for a period of **seven years (2005-2012)** before being subsumed under the **National Health Mission (NHM)** in 2013. - The mission's initial 7-year timeframe was crucial for establishing foundational programs and infrastructure across rural India. *It covers 18 states of India* - This statement is **TRUE**. The NRHM initially focused on **18 high-focus states** with weak public health indicators, high infant mortality, and maternal mortality rates. - These 18 states received priority attention and resources, though many initiatives eventually extended to other regions as well. *ASHA workers are a mainstay of this programme* - This statement is **TRUE**. **Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)** are a **cornerstone** of the NRHM, serving as the crucial link between the community and the public health system. - ASHA workers facilitate access to health services, promote health-seeking behaviors, and provide essential community-level care, making them indispensable to the program's success.

Q: The logo shown here belongs to which of the following programmes?

NTCP. ***NTCP*** - The logo displays a hand making a **'V' for victory** sign (or peace sign) with a flower, and the text in Hindi reads, "**Zindagi Chuno, Tambaku Nahi**" (Choose Life, Not Tobacco). - This message is directly aligned with the goals of the **National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP)**, which aims to reduce tobacco consumption in India. *JSY* - JSY stands for **Janani Suraksha Yojana**, a conditional cash transfer scheme that promotes institutional deliveries among pregnant women. - Its logo and messaging are focused on **maternal health and safe deliveries**, not tobacco control. *NPCDCS* - NPCDCS refers to the **National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke**. - While it deals with non-communicable diseases, its primary focus is not **tobacco cessation** as explicitly indicated in the logo. *Mission Indradhanush* - Mission Indradhanush is a flagship program of the Government of India that aims to **achieve full immunization** coverage for all children and pregnant women. - Its logo and campaigns are specifically related to **vaccination**, not warnings against tobacco use.

Q: The following symbol denotes:

RSBY. ***RSBY*** - The image depicts a logo representing several stylized human figures (resembling **antibodies** or active people) around a central circle, which is the **logo for Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)**, a government-funded health insurance scheme for the poor in India. - This symbol is widely recognized in India as representing the **health insurance coverage** provided under the RSBY scheme. *Factory act* - The Factories Act of 1948 in India is a legislation aimed at **regulating working conditions in factories**, with a focus on safety, health, and welfare of workers. - Its symbols or representations usually involve industrial safety, machinery, or worker protection, and not the stylized human figures shown. *NREGA* - NREGA (**National Rural Employment Guarantee Act**), later known as MGNREGA, is an Indian labor law and social security measure that guarantees the 'right to work' and aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas. - Its official logos typically involve imagery related to agriculture, rural development, or hands working together, not the specific design shown. *RTI act* - The Right to Information (RTI) Act is an Indian law that mandates timely response to citizen requests for government information. - Its symbols are usually associated with transparency, information access, or scales of justice, which are not reflected in the given image.

Q: "Objectives are set forth for different units and subunits, each of which prepares its own plan of action, usually on a short-term basis." The definition best sums up which one among the following terms?

Management by objectives. ***Management by objectives*** - This definition directly describes **Management by Objectives (MBO)**, where clear objectives are set at various levels, and action plans are developed to achieve them. - MBO emphasizes a **participative approach** where employees and managers collaborate to set realistic and achievable goals, often on a short-term basis. *Input-Output analysis* - **Input-Output analysis** studies the interdependencies within an economy, detailing how the output of one industry serves as input for another. - It does not focus on goal-setting and planning for different organizational units. *Personnel management* - **Personnel management** deals with the administrative aspects of employee relations, such as recruitment, training, compensation, and employee welfare. - While it involves setting objectives related to human resources, it is not the overarching definition for setting objectives across different units and subunits with associated action plans. *Work sampling* - **Work sampling** is a method used to determine the proportion of time spent by workers on different tasks over a period. - It is a tool for **measuring work activities** and efficiency, not a framework for objective setting and action planning within an organization.

Q: Which of the following statements are correct regarding audit in Obstetrics and Gynaecology? I. It can replace the out of date clinical practices with better ones. II. It is an efficient educational tool. III. It should be based on scientific evidences with facts and figures. IV. It is not labour-intensive. Select the answer using the code given below :

I, II and III. ***Correct: I, II and III*** - Statement I is correct: Clinical audit aims to improve **patient care** and **outcomes** by systematically reviewing care against explicit criteria, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing changes that **replace outdated practices** with evidence-based approaches. - Statement II is correct: Audit serves as a powerful **educational tool** by providing feedback to clinicians, highlighting best practices, and encouraging critical appraisal of current methods. - Statement III is correct: Effective audits must be based on **scientific evidence** with facts and figures to ensure validity, robustness, and clinical relevance. - Statement IV is **incorrect**: Clinical audit is **labour-intensive**, requiring significant time, resources, and coordination for data collection, analysis, meetings, implementation of changes, and follow-up assessments. *Incorrect: I, II and IV* - While statements I and II are correct, statement IV is incorrect because audit is generally **labour-intensive**, not the opposite. Effective audits involve substantial resource-demanding tasks. *Incorrect: I, III and IV* - While statements I and III are correct (audit replaces outdated practices with evidence-based approaches), statement IV is incorrect as thorough audits require **considerable effort and resources**. *Incorrect: II, III and IV* - While statements II and III are correct (audit as educational tool based on scientific evidence), statement IV is incorrect; audits often require **substantial time and effort** for all phases of the audit cycle.

Q: In the National Health Policy 2017, a target of 90 : 90 : 90 has been set for HIV/AIDS. Which among the following are targets for which a 90% level has been set as part of the National Health Policy ? 1. Proportion of couples who have safe sex 2. Proportion of people living with HIV who know their HIV status 3. Proportion of adolescents who have access to contraceptives 4. Proportion of people receiving antiretroviral therapy who have viral suppression Select the correct answer using the code given below :

2 and 4. ***2 and 4*** The **90-90-90 targets** for HIV/AIDS established by UNAIDS and adopted in India's National Health Policy 2017 have three specific goals: - **First 90**: 90% of all people living with HIV know their HIV status - **Second 90**: 90% of all people diagnosed with HIV receive sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART) - **Third 90**: 90% of all people receiving ART achieve viral suppression **Statement 2** correctly identifies the **first 90** (proportion of people living with HIV who know their status), and **Statement 4** correctly identifies the **third 90** (proportion on ART achieving viral suppression). *1 and 4* While promoting safe sex is crucial for HIV prevention, the **90-90-90 targets specifically focus on the cascade of diagnosis, treatment, and viral suppression** among people already living with HIV. The proportion of couples having safe sex is not part of these specific targets. *1 and 3* Neither the **proportion of couples having safe sex** nor **adolescent access to contraceptives** are part of the 90-90-90 targets for HIV/AIDS. These are important broader public health goals but not the precise metrics of the 90-90-90 HIV strategy. *2 and 3* While **Statement 2** (proportion knowing their HIV status) is indeed the first component of the 90-90-90 targets, the **proportion of adolescents with access to contraceptives** is not part of these HIV-specific targets. This is a separate reproductive health goal unrelated to the 90-90-90 framework.

Question 1

Identify the symbol as given in the image below:

Accepted Answer

NREGA Act 2005

Answer

Organ Transplantation Act 1994

Answer

PNDT Act 1994

Answer

ICDS

Question 2

Chairman of agency shown in the image given below:

Question 3

The logo shown in the image belongs to which organization?

Accepted Answer

National Leprosy Eradication Programme

Answer

National Disaster Management Authority

Answer

National AIDS Control Organization

Answer

National Programme for Control of Blindness

Question 4

Which is not true about the picture shown below?

Accepted Answer

It does not cover the Indian system of medicine

Answer

This was launched as a 7 -year mission

Answer

It covers 18 states of India

Answer

ASHA workers are a mainstay of this programme

Question 5

The logo shown here belongs to which of the following programmes?

Accepted Answer

NTCP

Answer

JSY

Answer

NPCDCS

Answer

Mission Indradhanush

Question 6

The following symbol denotes:

Accepted Answer

RSBY

Answer

Factory act

Answer

NREGA

Answer

RTI act

Question 7

"Objectives are set forth for different units and subunits, each of which prepares its own plan of action, usually on a short-term basis." The definition best sums up which one among the following terms?

Accepted Answer

Management by objectives

Answer

Input-Output analysis

Answer

Personnel management

Answer

Work sampling

Question 8

The National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016-2030) has defined certain milestones and targets. Among the following, which is the specific target that has to be met by the year 2027?

Accepted Answer

All states and UTs must reduce API to less than 1 case per 1000 population at risk.

Answer

All states and UTs must establish fully functional malaria surveillance to track, investigate and respond to each case.

Answer

Entire country has to initiate the process for certification of malaria elimination.

Answer

Entire country is to have no indigenous cases and no deaths due to malaria.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are correct regarding audit in Obstetrics and Gynaecology?
I. It can replace the out of date clinical practices with better ones.
II. It is an efficient educational tool.
III. It should be based on scientific evidences with facts and figures.
IV. It is not labour-intensive.

Select the answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

I, II and III

Answer

I, II and IV

Answer

I, III and IV

Answer

II, III and IV

Question 10

In the National Health Policy 2017, a target of 90 : 90 : 90 has been set for HIV/AIDS. Which among the following are targets for which a 90% level has been set as part of the National Health Policy ?

1. Proportion of couples who have safe sex

2. Proportion of people living with HIV who know their HIV status

3. Proportion of adolescents who have access to contraceptives

4. Proportion of people receiving antiretroviral therapy who have viral suppression

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

2 and 4

Answer

1 and 4

Answer

1 and 3

Answer

2 and 3

Health Policy and Management — MCQs

Health Policy and Management — MCQs

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