Pain Management — MCQs

Q: Most common complication of celiac plexus block:

Postural hypotension. ***Postural hypotension*** - This is the most common complication due to the **vasodilation** that occurs from blocking the sympathetic nerves in the celiac plexus. - It results from the temporary loss of sympathetic tone, leading to a drop in blood pressure, especially upon standing. *Retroperitoneal hemorrhage* - While possible, a retroperitoneal hemorrhage is a less common complication compared to postural hypotension. - It typically results from **trauma to blood vessels** during needle insertion, especially in patients with coagulopathies. *Pneumothorax* - Pneumothorax is a rare complication of celiac plexus block, as the procedure generally avoids the thoracic cavity. - It can occur if the needle is advanced too far superiorly or laterally, piercing the **diaphragm and pleura**. *Intra-arterial injection* - Intra-arterial injection is an uncommon but serious complication that can lead to **ischemia or vascular spasm**. - This risk is mitigated by careful aspiration before injection and the use of imaging guidance.

Q: What is the primary mechanism of audio analgesia?

A method of distraction from pain. ***A method of distraction from pain*** - **Audio analgesia** primarily works by diverting the patient's attention away from painful stimuli through auditory input. - The brain's capacity for processing sensory information is finite, so focusing on sounds can **reduce the perception of pain**. *A pharmacological agent that reduces pain* - This option is incorrect because audio analgesia is a **non-pharmacological technique**; it does not involve the administration of drugs. - It relies on **psychological mechanisms** rather than chemical interactions to reduce pain. *An ineffective method for pain management* - This is incorrect as various studies have shown that **audio analgesia can be effective** in reducing pain perception and anxiety during medical procedures. - Its effectiveness is particularly noted in **dental procedures** and for managing acute pain. *A combination of distraction and medication* - While distraction is the core mechanism, audio analgesia, in its pure form, does **not inherently involve medication**. - It can be *used alongside* medication, but its primary mechanism is **distraction alone**.

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Pain Physiology and Pathways

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Acute Pain Management

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Chronic Pain Syndromes

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Neuropathic Pain

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Multimodal Analgesia

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Opioid Pharmacology

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Non-opioid Analgesics

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Adjuvant Analgesics

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Patient-Controlled Analgesia

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Interventional Pain Procedures

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Cancer Pain Management

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Perioperative Pain Management

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