UPSC-CMS 2014 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is not true regarding ‘no scalpel’ vasectomy?

Scrotal skin is cut with LASER to expose the vas.. ***Scrotal skin is cut with LASER to expose the vas.*** - The "no-scalpel" technique specifically avoids cutting the scrotal skin with a **scalpel** or **LASER**. - Instead, a **small puncture** is made using a specialized instrument to access the vas deferens. *The failure rate is same as that of conventional vasectomy.* - The failure rate for no-scalpel vasectomy is generally very low and comparable to, or even slightly lower than, conventional vasectomy. - This is due to the precise identification and handling of the **vas deferens** through the small puncture. *Special instruments are used to deliver the vas instead of cutting the skin.* - This statement is true; the no-scalpel technique utilizes **specialized forceps** to puncture and stretch the scrotal skin. - This creates a small opening to access the vas deferens without needing a traditional incision. *It is a very popular method in China.* - The no-scalpel vasectomy technique was developed in China in 1974 by Dr. Li Shunqiang, where it gained widespread adoption. - Its popularity in China significantly contributed to its global recognition as a minimally invasive and effective method for male contraception. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The Pearl index of contraceptive failure is expressed as a rate per

100 women-years. ***100 women-years*** - The **Pearl Index** is a common measure of contraceptive failure rate, expressed as the number of pregnancies per **100 women-years** of exposure. - This metric allows for standardized comparison of contraceptive effectiveness across different methods and populations. *1000 women-years* - While other epidemiological rates might be expressed per 1000 person-years, the standard for the **Pearl Index** is specifically per 100 women-years. - Using 1000 would significantly underestimate the commonly reported failure rates of contraceptives. *1 woman-year* - Expressing the rate per **1 woman-year** would result in very small, often fractional, numbers that are difficult to interpret and compare. - The larger base of 100 women-years provides a more practical and understandable scale for reporting contraceptive failure. *10 women-years* - This increment is not the recognized standard for the **Pearl Index**. - Using 10 women-years would also make the reported failure rates less comparable with established data and harder to interpret clinically. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Consider the following: 1. Literacy rate 2. Life expectancy at birth 3. Life expectancy at the age of one year 4. Infant mortality Which of the above are the components of Physical Quality of Life Index (P.Q.L.I.)?

1, 2 and 4. ***1, 2 and 4*** - The **Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)** developed by Morris David Morris includes three core components: 1. **Literacy rate** (basic literacy at age 15+) 2. **Infant mortality rate** (per 1000 live births) 3. **Life expectancy at age one year** (not at birth) - While the question lists "life expectancy at birth" (option 2), the PQLI technically uses **life expectancy at age one**. However, since option 3 (life expectancy at age one) is not included in this answer choice and both are closely related measures of population health, this option represents the three domains covered by PQLI: **education (literacy), health outcomes (infant mortality), and longevity (life expectancy)**. - Components **1, 2, and 4** together capture the multidimensional aspects of quality of life. *2 and 4* - This option is incomplete as it excludes **literacy rate**, which is a fundamental component of PQLI. - Education is a critical dimension of quality of life measurement. *1 and 2* - This option excludes **infant mortality rate**, which is one of the three core components of PQLI. - Infant mortality is essential for measuring health status in the population. *1 and 4 only* - While this includes two correct components (**literacy rate** and **infant mortality**), it excludes the life expectancy measure entirely. - PQLI requires all three dimensions: education, mortality, and longevity. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which one of the following is included in Indian Public Health Standards for a Primary Health Centre?

Safe abortion services. ***Safe abortion services*** - **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)** for Primary Health Centres (PHCs) include the provision of safe abortion services, particularly for early pregnancies, to ensure women's reproductive health. - This is part of the comprehensive reproductive and child health services expected at the PHC level to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. *Surgery for hydrocele* - **Surgical procedures** like hydrocelectomy are generally performed at **Community Health Centres (CHCs)** or district hospitals. - While basic outpatient care is provided at PHCs, major surgical interventions are beyond their typical scope and infrastructure. *Blood storage facility* - **Blood storage and transfusion facilities** require specialized equipment, personnel, and infrastructure. - These services are usually available at **higher-level facilities** like CHCs, district hospitals, or specialized blood banks, not typically at PHCs. *Manual removal of placenta* - While the **manual removal of the placenta (MRP)** is an emergency obstetric procedure, it is typically performed at facilities with better equipped **delivery rooms** and access to anesthesia, such as CHCs. - PHCs focus on basic emergency obstetric care and referral, but more complex procedures like MRP often require greater resources. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following is not true regarding ‘no scalpel’ vasectomy?

Accepted Answer

Scrotal skin is cut with LASER to expose the vas.

Answer

The failure rate is same as that of conventional vasectomy.

Answer

Special instruments are used to deliver the vas instead of cutting the skin.

Answer

It is a very popular method in China.

Question 2

The Pearl index of contraceptive failure is expressed as a rate per

Accepted Answer

100 women-years

Answer

1000 women-years

Answer

1 woman-year

Answer

10 women-years

Question 3

The example of de-professionalization of medicine is widely seen in India in the form of:

Accepted Answer

Irrational use of antibiotics by doctors

Answer

Providing Primary Health Care

Answer

Medical malpractice by doctors

Answer

Rural internship by doctors

Question 4

Consider the following:

1. Literacy rate
2. Life expectancy at birth
3. Life expectancy at the age of one year
4. Infant mortality
Which of the above are the components of Physical Quality of Life Index (P.Q.L.I.)?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2 and 4

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

1 and 4 only

Question 5

Which one of the following is included in Indian Public Health Standards for a Primary Health Centre?

Accepted Answer

Safe abortion services

Answer

Surgery for hydrocele

Answer

Blood storage facility

Answer

Manual removal of placenta

Question 6

The pattern of disease in a community described in terms of the important factors which influence its occurrence is known as:

Accepted Answer

Community diagnosis

Answer

Experimental epidemiology

Answer

Confounding

Answer

Iceberg phenomenon

Question 7

The term “disease control” describes the ongoing operations aimed at reducing all of the following, except:

Accepted Answer

Virulence of the disease agent

Answer

The financial burden to the community

Answer

The incidence of disease

Answer

Prevention of complications

Question 8

The relationship between birth rate and maternal hemoglobin is best studied by:

Accepted Answer

Correlation and regression.

Answer

Sensitivity and specificity.

Answer

Standard error of difference between two means.

Answer

Standard error of difference between two proportions.

Question 9

Beta oxalyl amino alanine (BOAA) is found in:

Accepted Answer

Lathyrus sativus

Answer

Argemone mexicana

Answer

Crotalaria medicaginea

Answer

Aspergillus flavus

Question 10

Due to which of the following does seasonal trend of a disease occur?

1. Vector variation
2. Environmental factors
3. Change in herd immunity

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 3 only

Answer

1 only

UPSC-CMS 2014 — Community Medicine