UPSC-CMS 2009 — Pediatrics

Q: Most common newborn rash which presents at 24-48 hours of life is

Erythema toxicum neonatorum. ***Erythematous papular pustular lesions*** - This description is characteristic of **Erythema toxicum neonatorum**, which is the **most common benign transient rash in newborns.** - It typically appears between **24 and 48 hours of life** and presents with discrete **erythematous macules**, papules, and pustules on a red base. *Milia* - Milia are **tiny, pearly white cysts** that are present from birth and are due to trapped keratin. - While common, they are **not typically red or pustular** and do not usually have a delayed onset at 24-48 hours specifically. *Transient neonatal pustular melanosis* - This rash is present at **birth** and consists of **non-erythematous pustules** that rupture to leave collarettes of scale and dark macules. - Unlike erythema toxicum, it **lacks the erythematous base** and is usually present earlier. *Erythematous maculopapular rash* - This is a **general description** that could fit several conditions but **lacks the specific pustular component** that is key to identifying erythema toxicum neonatorum. - While erythema toxicum has macules and papules, the **presence of pustules** is a hallmark. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Neural tube defects have which one of the following inheritance patterns ?

Multi-factorial. ***Multi-factorial*** - Neural tube defects (NTDs) are considered **multi-factorial**, meaning they result from a complex interaction between multiple genetic predispositions and environmental factors. - While there are genetic components, no single gene mutation typically explains the recurrence risk, and external factors like **folic acid deficiency** play a significant role. *X-linked recessive* - This inheritance pattern typically affects males more severely and exclusively, with females often being carriers, which is not the primary pattern observed in NTDs. - Conditions like **Duchenne muscular dystrophy** exhibit X-linked recessive inheritance. *Autosomal dominant* - A single copy of an altered gene on a non-sex chromosome is sufficient to cause the condition, resulting in a 50% chance of transmission to offspring, which does not match the observed inheritance pattern for NTDs. - Examples include **Huntington's disease** and **Marfan syndrome**. *Autosomal recessive* - Both copies of a gene on a non-sex chromosome must be altered for the condition to manifest, meaning parents are often carriers but unaffected, which isn't the primary inheritance pattern for NTDs. - Conditions like **cystic fibrosis** and **sickle cell anemia** follow autosomal recessive inheritance. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

2 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations

Questions

All Subjects Anatomy (3)Anesthesiology (1)Biochemistry (4)Community Medicine (27)Dermatology (1)Forensic Medicine (1)Internal Medicine (8)Microbiology (4)Obstetrics and Gynecology (26)Pathology (4)Pediatrics (2)Pharmacology (4)Physiology (2)Radiology (1)Surgery (19)

Most common newborn rash which presents at 24-48 hours of life is

Neural tube defects have which one of the following inheritance patterns ?