NEET-PG 2018 - Dermatology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following are risk factors for cutaneous lymphoma?

All of the options. ***All of the options*** - **All listed factors**, including age, gender, and a weakened immune system, are recognized risk factors for the development of cutaneous lymphoma. - The risk of cutaneous lymphoma generally **increases with age**, shows a slightly higher incidence in **males**, and is significantly elevated in individuals with **compromised immune systems**. *Age* - While age is a risk factor, it is only one component among several that contribute to the overall risk of developing cutaneous lymphoma. - The incidence of most lymphomas, including cutaneous forms, typically **increases with advancing age**, but other factors also play a critical role. *Gender* - Like age, gender is a recognized risk factor, with a slightly **higher incidence in males** compared to females. - However, gender alone does not fully explain the risk, as environmental and other host-related factors also contribute. *Weakened immune system* - A weakened immune system is a significant risk factor, as it impairs the body's ability to control abnormal cell growth, including cancerous lymphocytes. - However, it is not the sole risk factor; individuals with healthy immune systems can also develop cutaneous lymphoma due to other contributing factors. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A child has a rash. His family history is positive for asthma. What could be the most probable diagnosis?

Atopic dermatitis. ***Atopic dermatitis*** - The presence of a rash in a child with a family history of **asthma** strongly suggests atopic dermatitis, as it is part of the **atopic triad** (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis). - Atopic dermatitis often presents with **erythematous, pruritic patches** and plaques, commonly affecting flexural areas like the antecubital and popliteal fossae, as well as the face and neck in younger children. *Seborrheic dermatitis* - This condition typically presents with **greasy, yellowish scales** on an erythematous base, often affecting areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the scalp, face (nasolabial folds), and chest. - While it can occur in infants, it does not have the strong association with a family history of asthma seen in atopic dermatitis. *Allergic contact dermatitis* - This rash results from an **exposure to an allergen**, leading to a localized, erythematous, and pruritic eruption, often with vesicles or bullae, at the site of contact. - The history does not provide information about a specific allergen exposure, and while it could produce a similar-looking rash, the family history of asthma points more strongly to atopic diathesis. *Erysipelas* - Erysipelas is a superficial skin infection, usually caused by *Streptococcus pyogenes*, presenting as a **well-demarcated, intensely erythematous, warm, and painful rash** with a raised border. - This is an **acute bacterial infection** and would typically be accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever and chills, which are not mentioned in the child's presentation. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Cutis marmorata occurs due to exposure to –

Cold temperature. ***Cold temperature*** - **Cutis marmorata** is a physiological response to **cold temperatures**, characterized by a mottled, reticulated vascular pattern on the skin. - This occurs due to **vasoconstriction** of the small arteries and arterioles, alongside **vasodilation** of the venules, creating the characteristic marbled appearance. *Dust* - Exposure to **dust** typically causes **irritation**, allergic reactions, or respiratory issues, such as **dermatitis**, **contact urticaria**, or **asthma**. - It does not directly lead to the characteristic vascular changes seen in cutis marmorata. *Hot temperature* - **Hot temperatures** generally cause **vasodilation** in the skin to facilitate **heat dissipation**, leading to redness and warmth. - This is the opposite physiological response to cutis marmorata, which involves vasoconstriction. *Humidity* - **Humidity** primarily affects **skin hydration** and the rate of perspiration, potentially exacerbating certain skin conditions like **eczema** or **fungal infections**. - High or low humidity does not directly induce the vascular changes that result in cutis marmorata. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the skin lesion shown in the image.

Becker nevus. ***Becker nevus*** - This image clearly shows a large, **hyperpigmented patch with overlying coarse terminal hairs**, characteristic of a Becker nevus. - Becker nevi typically develop in adolescence and are often found on the shoulder or upper trunk, as seen here. *Hypopigmented macule* - A **hypopigmented macule** would appear as an area of skin with **reduced pigmentation** (lighter than the surrounding skin), which is contrary to the darker lesion shown. - There would also be no indication of **increased hair growth** within a typical hypopigmented macule. *Spitz nevus* - A Spitz nevus is a benign melanocytic nevus often appearing as a **dome-shaped, pink or red papule or nodule**, commonly on the face or limbs. - It does not present as a large, hairy, **hyperpigmented patch** as depicted in the image. *Epidermal nevus* - An epidermal nevus is a **congenital lesion** formed by an overgrowth of epidermal cells, but its appearance is typically a **verrucous (wart-like) plaque** or linearly arranged papules. - While it can be hyperpigmented, it generally **lacks the prominent hypertrichosis** (excessive hair growth) seen in the image. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Comment on the image shown:

Arsenical keratosis. ***Arsenical keratosis*** - The image shows characteristic **raindrop pigmentation** (alternating hypo/hyperpigmented macules) and **palmar/plantar keratoses** pathognomonic of chronic **arsenic toxicity**. - Associated with **Blackfoot disease** (peripheral vascular disease) and increased risk of **skin malignancies**, distinguishing it from benign hyperkeratotic conditions. *Corn* - A corn presents as a **single, localized lesion** with a **painful central core**, unlike the multiple diffuse keratotic lesions with pigmentary changes seen here. - Corns are **friction-induced** and lack the characteristic **raindrop pigmentation** associated with arsenic exposure. *Callosity* - Callosity results from **repeated friction and pressure** causing broad, flat hyperkeratotic thickening without pigmentary changes. - It lacks the **alternating hypo/hyperpigmented macules** and **corn-like keratoses** characteristic of arsenical toxicity. *Warts* - **Viral warts** caused by **HPV** show **black puncta** (thrombosed capillaries) and **papillomatous surface** upon examination. - They present as **elevated, rough lesions** without the **raindrop pigmentation** and flat keratotic appearance of arsenical keratosis. *Cutaneous horn* - A **cutaneous horn** appears as a **solitary, conical projection** of keratin resembling an animal horn, typically on sun-exposed areas. - It presents as a **single horn-like protrusion** rather than the **multiple flat keratoses** with pigmentary changes shown in arsenical keratosis. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following are risk factors for cutaneous lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

All of the options

Answer

Weakened immune system

Answer

Age

Answer

Gender

Question 2

A child has a rash. His family history is positive for asthma. What could be the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Atopic dermatitis

Answer

Seborrheic dermatitis

Answer

Allergic contact dermatitis

Answer

Erysipelas

Question 3

Cutis marmorata occurs due to exposure to –

Accepted Answer

Cold temperature

Answer

Dust

Answer

Hot temperature

Answer

Humidity

Question 4

Identify the skin lesion shown in the image.

Accepted Answer

Becker nevus

Answer

Hypopigmented macule

Answer

Spitz nevus

Answer

Epidermal nevus

Question 5

Comment on the image shown:

Accepted Answer

Arsenical keratosis

Answer

Corn

Answer

Callosity

Answer

Warts

Answer

Cutaneous horn

Question 6

A 24-year-old male presents with a lesion at the site shown in the image for 4 years. He says it has increased in thickness over the years. Diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Becker's nevus

Answer

Spitz nevus

Answer

Hyper-melanosis of Ito

Answer

Congenital melanocytic nevus

Question 7

Which nerve is thickened in this patient of Hansen disease?

Accepted Answer

Greater auricular

Answer

Transverse cervical nerve

Answer

Greater occipital nerve

Answer

Lesser occipital nerve

Question 8

Which of the following layers is absent in psoriasis?

Accepted Answer

B

Answer

A

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 9

Best drug for the condition shown below is: (NEET Jan 2018)

Accepted Answer

Doxycycline

Answer

Ivermectin

Answer

Sulphonamides

Answer

Penicillin

NEET-PG 2018 — Dermatology