NEET-PG 2015 - ENT PYQs Practice Questions

Q: All of the following are features of a nasal foreign body except:

Nasal polyps. ***Nasal polyps*** - While chronic inflammation can lead to nasal polyps, they are **not a direct or acute feature** of a nasal foreign body. - Nasal foreign bodies typically present with more immediate and obstructive symptoms rather than polyp formation. *Epistaxis* - A nasal foreign body can **irritate and traumatize the delicate nasal mucosa**, leading to bleeding. - This is a common symptom, especially if the foreign body is sharp or has been in place for some time. *Nasal obstruction* - The presence of any object in the nasal cavity will inevitably cause some degree of **physical blockage of airflow**. - This is one of the most common presenting symptoms, particularly in children. *Foul smelling discharge* - If a foreign body remains in the nasal cavity for an extended period, it can lead to **stasis of secretions and secondary bacterial infection**. - This infection often results in a **purulent, unilateral, and foul-smelling discharge**. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Stapedius pulls stapes in which direction?

Posterior. ***Posterior*** - The **stapedius muscle** attaches to the **posterior surface of the stapes neck**. - Contraction of the stapedius muscle pulls the stapes **posteriorly and laterally** (posterolaterally), tilting the footplate away from the oval window and reducing sound transmission. - This action dampens excessive vibrations and protects the inner ear from loud sounds as part of the **acoustic reflex**. *Anterior* - Pulling the stapes anteriorly would push the footplate further into the **oval window**, which would increase sound transmission rather than dampen it. - No muscle pulls the stapes anteriorly in the context of the **acoustic reflex**. *Superior* - The stapedius muscle's action is primarily along the **posterolateral axis**, not superiorly. - Pulling superiorly would not effectively dampen sound vibrations or protect the inner ear from acoustic trauma. *Inferior* - The anatomy and function of the stapedius muscle do not support an inferior pulling action. - The stapedius acts to stabilize and retract the stapes **posterolaterally**, not inferiorly. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements about malignant otitis externa is true?

Common in diabetics and old age. ***Common in diabetics and old age*** - **Malignant otitis externa** is an aggressive infection primarily affecting the external auditory canal and surrounding structures. - It most commonly occurs in **immunocompromised individuals**, especially **elderly diabetics**, due to impaired immune response and microvascular complications. *Not painful* - Malignant otitis externa is characterized by **severe, unrelenting otalgia (ear pain)** that often worsens at night and is disproportionate to the clinical findings. - The pain is due to the **inflammatory and destructive process** involving cartilage, bone, and nerves. *Caused by streptococcus* - The most common causative organism for malignant otitis externa is **Pseudomonas aeruginosa** (>90% of cases), not Streptococcus. - **Streptococcus species** are more commonly associated with acute otitis media or common skin infections. *Responds to topical antibiotics alone* - Malignant otitis externa requires **prolonged systemic antibiotic therapy** (typically 4-6 weeks of intravenous or oral fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin). - Topical antibiotics alone are **insufficient** due to the invasive nature of the infection, which extends beyond the external canal to involve bone and soft tissues. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Chemical labyrinthectomy by transtympanic route is done in Meniere's disease using which drug?

Gentamicin. ***Gentamicin*** - **Gentamicin** is an **aminoglycoside antibiotic** that is commonly used for chemical labyrinthectomy due to its **ototoxic** properties, particularly its selective toxicity to **vestibular hair cells** at lower doses. - When administered transtympanically, it achieves high concentrations in the **inner ear fluid**, effectively ablating the vestibular function and reducing severe vertigo in **Meniere's disease**. *Amikacin* - **Amikacin** is also an **aminoglycoside antibiotic** with ototoxic potential, but it is typically reserved for severe bacterial infections and is not the primary drug of choice for **chemical labyrinthectomy** in Meniere's disease. - While it can cause hearing loss, **gentamicin** has a more established and preferential effect on the **vestibular system** at therapeutic doses for Meniere's. *Amoxycillin* - **Amoxycillin** is a common **beta-lactam antibiotic** used for bacterial infections, and it does not possess **ototoxic** properties that would make it suitable for chemical labyrinthectomy. - It is primarily known for its antibacterial action and has no role in the management of vertigo in **Meniere's disease** via transtympanic administration. *Cyclosporine* - **Cyclosporine** is an **immunosuppressant drug** used to prevent organ rejection and treat autoimmune conditions; it does not have properties for chemical ablation of the labyrinth. - While some autoimmune components are sometimes considered in Meniere's disease, cyclosporine is not used for **transtympanic chemical labyrinthectomy**. [Practice more ENT PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

All of the following are features of a nasal foreign body except:

Accepted Answer

Nasal polyps

Answer

Epistaxis

Answer

Nasal obstruction

Answer

Foul smelling discharge

Question 2

Stapedius pulls stapes in which direction?

Accepted Answer

Posterior

Answer

Answer

Superior

Answer

Inferior

Question 3

Which of the following statements about malignant otitis externa is true?

Accepted Answer

Common in diabetics and old age

Answer

Not painful

Answer

Caused by streptococcus

Answer

Responds to topical antibiotics alone

Question 4

Chemical labyrinthectomy by transtympanic route is done in Meniere's disease using which drug?

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin

Answer

Amikacin

Answer

Amoxycillin

Answer

Cyclosporine

Question 5

Which of the following tests is used to differentiate between cochlear and retrocochlear hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

Evoked response audiometry

Answer

Recruitment

Answer

Threshold tone decay test

Answer

SISI test

Question 6

Otosclerosis affects which bone?

Accepted Answer

Stapes

Answer

Incus

Answer

Malleus

Answer

Cochlea

Question 7

Most common cause of otitis externa is

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Fungal infection

Answer

Seborrheic disease

Answer

Herpes Zoster

Question 8

Which perforation of the tympanic membrane is most commonly seen with tubotympanic CSOM?

Accepted Answer

Central

Answer

Anterosuperior

Answer

Posterosuperior

Answer

Posteroinferior

Question 9

Which of the following is a cause of objective tinnitus?

Accepted Answer

Carotid artery aneurysm

Answer

Impacted Wax

Answer

Meniere's disease

Answer

Ototoxic drugs

Question 10

What does the term 'Total Communication' refer to in the context of deaf education?

Accepted Answer

Using all available communication methods to educate a deaf child.

Answer

Utilizing various communication methods for advertising purposes.

Answer

Employing multiple communication methods for educational purposes in schools.

Answer

Engaging various communication methods for community involvement.

NEET-PG 2015 — ENT