INI-CET 2025 - Ophthalmology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following investigations allows examination of all layers of the retina?

OCT. ### **Explanation** **Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)** is the correct answer because it functions as an **"optical biopsy"** of the retina. It uses low-coherence interferometry (near-infrared light) to produce high-resolution, **cross-sectional images**. This allows clinicians to visualize and measure all **ten layers of the retina** individually, from the Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) and even the underlying choroid. #### **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **B-scan Ultrasonography:** This is a two-dimensional acoustic imaging technique. While excellent for detecting gross structural changes (like retinal detachment or intraocular tumors) when the ocular media is opaque (e.g., dense cataract or vitreous hemorrhage), it lacks the resolution to distinguish individual retinal layers. * **Perimetry:** This is a **functional** test (not structural) used to map the visual field. It identifies blind spots (scotomas) but cannot visualize the anatomical layers of the retina. * **Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA):** This is a dynamic study of the **retinal vasculature**. While it is the gold standard for detecting leaks, neovascularization, and capillary non-perfusion, it provides a "top-down" view and cannot differentiate the depth or thickness of specific retinal layers. --- ### **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for INI-CET:** * **OCT Principle:** Based on **Michelson Interferometry**. * **Resolution:** OCT has a resolution of **5–10 microns**, which is significantly higher than B-scan (~150 microns). * **Key Indications:** Best for diagnosing **Macular Hole**, **Epiretinal Membrane**, and **Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)**. * **Inverted Image:** In OCT, the RPE is the most hyper-reflective (brightest) outer band. * **Swept-Source OCT (SS-OCT):** The newest generation that uses longer wavelengths to penetrate deeper into the **choroid**. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following best defines blindness?

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity less than 3/60 in the better eye after best possible correction

Answer

Visual field less than 10 degrees from fixation in the better eye

Answer

Inability to perceive light in both eyes

Answer

Visual acuity less than 6/60 in the better eye

Question 2

A patient presented 2 weeks after cataract surgery with decreased vision. On examination, there were anterior chamber cells and flare with hazy vitreous. What is the most likely cause and organism?

Accepted Answer

Endophthalmitis with Propionibacterium

Answer

Endophthalmitis with Staphylococcus

Answer

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Answer

Toxic anterior segment syndrome

Question 3

Which of the following lasers is used in refractive surgery?

Accepted Answer

Excimer laser

Answer

Argon

Answer

Diode

Answer

Nd:YAG

Question 4

In optic neuritis, which is true?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral vision loss, pain on eye movement, and decreased color vision

Answer

Unilateral vision loss with decreased color vision

Answer

Pain on eye movement only

Answer

Bilateral vision loss is common

Question 5

Which of the following investigations allows examination of all layers of the retina?

Accepted Answer

OCT

Answer

B-scan ultrasonography

Answer

Perimetry

Answer

Fundus fluorescein angiography

Question 6

All of the following are done in the treatment of amblyopia, except:

Accepted Answer

Strabismus surgery

Answer

Refractive error correction

Answer

Video game therapy

Answer

Patching (occlusion therapy)

Question 7

Which of the following is seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Accepted Answer

Tractional retinal detachment

Answer

No retinal detachment

Answer

Exudative retinal detachment

Answer

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Question 8

Following a fungal corneal ulcer, a farmer underwent corneal transplant surgery. What is the preservative used for storing the donor corneal graft and the suture material used in the procedure?

Accepted Answer

McCarey-Kaufman, Nylon

Answer

Polyethylene glycol, Nylon

Answer

Moist chamber, Vicryl

Answer

Ethanol, Silk

Question 9

Which of the following is the diagnosis based on the given eye movement abnormality image?

Accepted Answer

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Answer

3rd nerve palsy

Answer

6th nerve palsy

Answer

Horizontal gaze palsy

INI-CET 2025 — Ophthalmology