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Back to INI-CET 2012

INI-CET 2012 — Forensic Medicine

Q: At what temperature does heat stiffening occur in the body?

> 60°C. ***> 60°C*** - **Heat stiffening**, or **heat rigor**, primarily results from the **coagulation of muscle proteins** and occurs at temperatures significantly above physiological ranges [1]. - At temperatures exceeding **60-65°C**, proteins begin to denature irreversibly, leading to macroscopic stiffening of tissues [1]. *30°C* - This temperature is within the normal physiological range or slightly below it; **hypothermia** can occur, but not heat stiffening. - Muscle function may be impaired, leading to **shivering or reduced coordination**, but not the structural changes associated with heat rigor. *40°C* - This temperature represents a **moderate fever** or **mild hyperthermia**, which can cause discomfort, but does not induce tissue stiffening [3]. - While metabolic processes are affected, **protein denaturation** leading to rigor does not occur at this level. *50°C* - Exposure to 50°C can cause significant **tissue damage** and **burns**, but direct **heat stiffening** requires higher temperatures for widespread protein coagulation. - At this temperature, cellular damage, including enzyme denaturation, begins to be severe, but full body rigor is not typically observed [2]. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In an act of tribadism, the active partner is known as: (AIIMS 12; COMEDK 14)

Butch. ***Butch*** - While this answer reflects the terminology used in the original examination, it's important to note that **"butch"** is primarily a **sociocultural identity term** describing masculine gender expression in lesbian relationships, rather than standard forensic medicine terminology. - In classical forensic medicine literature, the active partner in tribadism is more accurately termed a **"tribade"** (from Greek "tribein" = to rub). - Tribadism refers to a form of **female same-sex sexual activity** where the active partner achieves sexual gratification by **rubbing or pressing the vulva** against another woman's body, particularly the thigh, pubic region, or vulva. - This question reflects **historical exam terminology** rather than current forensic medicine standards. *Bugger* - This is an archaic/derogatory term historically used for a person who performs **anal intercourse** (buggery/sodomy). - The term is associated with **male same-sex activity** or unnatural sexual offenses under older legal frameworks. - It is **not related to tribadism**, which involves female same-sex activity without penetration. *Femme* - This is a sociocultural term describing the more **feminine-presenting partner** in some lesbian relationships. - It refers to **gender expression/identity**, not a forensic medicine classification of sexual acts. - This is **not standard medicolegal terminology** for describing roles in tribadism. *Catamite* - A catamite refers to a **young boy kept for homosexual purposes**, historically associated with pederasty in ancient civilizations. - This term is related to **male same-sex activity** and is entirely **irrelevant to tribadism**, which is a form of female same-sex sexual activity. - This is an archaic term rarely used in modern forensic medicine. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

2 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations

Questions

All Subjects Biochemistry (2)Forensic Medicine (2)General Medicine (1)Microbiology (1)

At what temperature does heat stiffening occur in the body?

In an act of tribadism, the active partner is known as: (AIIMS 12; COMEDK 14)