Trauma/Emergencies — Flashcards

Flashcard 331: _____ refers to abnormal bone remodeling of the otic capsule, causing the stapes footplate to become fixed to the oval window.

Answer: Otosclerosis

Flashcard 332: What is used to assess for intraperitoneal hemorrhage in a **hemodynamically unstable** patient with blunt abdominal trauma? _____

Answer: Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST)

Extra: In hemodynamically **stable** patients with blunt abdominal trauma, **CT scan** is the preferred diagnostic study as it can identify and grade specific organ injuries. FAST is the preferred bedside study in **unstable** patients to quickly identify the need for laparotomy.

Flashcard 333: What is breast conserving therapy? (3) _____

Answer: Lumpectomy (partial mastectomy) Sentinel lymph node biopsy Radiation therapy

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 334: Definitive treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage includes surgical _____ or _____

Answer: clipping

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 335: What is the next best step in working up a persistent breast lump that resembles a cyst on ultrasound in a patient under 30? _____

Answer: Aspirate

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 336: What is the treatment for aortic stenosis? _____

Answer: Valve replacement

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 337: Widened mediastinum on X-ray after deceleration injury; diagnosis and imaging? _____

Answer: Traumatic aortic injury; CT angio

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/chest/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 338: Cholesteatoma are round pearly masses that cause conductive hearing loss and are composed of: _____

Answer: Squamous cell and keratin debris

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 339: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is definitively managed with _____

Answer: radical cystectomy

Extra: TURBT is used for initial diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer. If the tumor is found to be muscle-invasive (Stage T2 or greater), the standard of care is radical cystectomy (often preceded by neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Non-muscle invasive (superficial) bladder cancer is managed with TURBT and intravesical therapy (e.g., BCG).

Flashcard 340: What is done after cast immobilization for a non-displaced scaphoid fracture? _____

Answer: Monitor with serial x-ray to rule out osteonecrosis of the proximal segment and non-union of the fracture

Extra: Scaphoid fractures have a high risk of nonunion and avascular necrosis (AVN) due to the retrograde blood supply (from the distal pole to the proximal pole). Non-displaced fractures are managed with a thumb spica cast and serial X-rays.