Antimicrobials — Flashcards

Flashcard 341: P-glycoprotein is encoded for by the _____

Answer: MDR1 gene

Flashcard 342: Hydrogen peroxide works via a(n) _____ mechanism

Answer: free radical oxidation

Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 343: Cladribine can result in _____-suppression (-cytopenias)

Answer: myelo

Extra:   Watch Cladribine, cytarabine, gemcitabine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-cladribine-cytarabine-gemcitabine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 344: Which two solid tumors specifically can etoposide and teniposide (topoisomerase II inhibitors) be used to treat? _____, Small cell lung carcinoma

Answer: Testicular carcinoma

Extra:   Watch Etoposide, teniposide, topotecan, irinotecan [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-dna-and-cellular-division-etoposide-teniposide-topotecan-irinotecan?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 345: Diphyllobothrium latum is treated with _____ or niclosamide

Answer: praziquantel

Extra:   Watch Cestodes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-helminths-trematodes-and-cestodes-cestodes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 346: Helicobacter pylori triple therapy includes a(n) _____, amoxicillin/metronidazole, and clarithromycin

Answer: PPI

Extra:  Watch Helicobacter pylori [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-helicobacter-pylori?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 347: What is the formula for Clearance (CL)? CL = _____ = Vd × Ke

Answer: Rate of elimination / Cₚ

Extra: Clearance is the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time. Cₚ = plasma concentration Vd = volume of distribution Ke = elimination rate constant (0.693 / t½)

Flashcard 348: Azathioprine/6-MP can result in _____-suppression (-cytopenias)

Answer: myelo

Extra:   Watch Azathioprine, 6 mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine-mycophenolate-mofetil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 349: Which enzyme is inhibited by teniposide? _____

Answer: topoisomerase II

Extra:   Watch DNA Replication [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology/videos/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology-dna-dna-replication?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Etoposide, teniposide, topotecan, irinotecan [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology/videos/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology-dna-dna-replication?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-replication-transcription-and-translation?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 350: Myelosuppression induced by Methotrexate / overdose can be reversed using the drug _____

Answer: Leucovorin

Extra: Leucovorin (folinic acid) is a reduced form of folic acid that bypasses dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), the enzyme inhibited by Methotrexate. This allows for normal DNA synthesis to resume in healthy cells ("leucovorin rescue").