Neuropathology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What is the term for infarcted tissue in the basal ganglia or internal capsule caused by occlusion of a lenticulostriate artery?

Answer: lacunar infarct

Flashcard 2: epidural hematoma

Answer: rupture of middle meningeal artery; fracture of temporal bone

Extra: rapid arterial bleedinglucid interval followed by decreased LOC; CN 3 palsy, increased ICPCT: biconvex, hyperdense blood; does not cross sutures; may cross falx, tentorium 

Flashcard 3: central pontine myelinolysis

Answer: often iatrogenic; caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia

Extra: massive axonal demyelination of pontine white matter tractsacute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, loss of consciousness; +/- locked-in syndromeT2 MRI: increased signal in central pons 

Flashcard 4: subdural hematoma

Answer:

Extra: slow venous bleeding via rupture of bridging veinsdecreased LOC, increased ICPCT: crescent shaped, hyperdense blood; midline shift; may cross sutures; does not cross falx, tentorium brain atrophyelderly, alcoholics

Flashcard 5: subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer:

Extra: rapid arterial bleeding after rupture of aneurysm"worst headache of my life", decreased LOC, increased ICPbloody or yellow CSFCT: blood conforms to shape of gyri, pools in cisterns nimodipine for late-onset vasospasmvasospasm 2-3 days later, potential for rebleed

Flashcard 6: intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Answer:

Extra: CT: smudgy, patchy blood within parenchyma; typically in basal ganglia and internal capsule HTN, amyloidosis, vasculitis, neoplasm

Flashcard 7: How long after ischemic brain injury until red neurons appear?

Answer: 12-48 hours

Flashcard 8: How long after ischemic brain injury until necrosis and neutrophils appear?

Answer: 24-72 hours

Flashcard 9: How long after ischemic brain injury until macrophages appear?

Answer: 3-5 days

Flashcard 10: How long after ischemic brain injury until reactive gliosis and vascular proliferation is evident?

Answer: 1-2 weeks