Bacteria — Flashcards

Flashcard 791: _____ mRNA can be polycistronic, meaning one mRNA codes for several proteins

Answer: bacterial

Flashcard 792: What is the etiology of Syphilis?_____

Answer: Treponema pallidum

Flashcard 793: The flaccid paralysis in Clostridium botulinum is a _____ paralysis (ascending or descending)

Answer: descending

Flashcard 794: _____ is the transfer of random DNA between bacteria using bacteriophages

Answer: Generalized transduction

Flashcard 795: Is *Leptospira interrogans* visible on Gram stain?

Answer: No

Extra: *Leptospira* (like most spirochetes) is too thin to be visualized by light microscopy or standard Gram staining. It is visualized using **dark-field microscopy** or **silver stains** (e.g., Warthin-Starry stain).

Flashcard 796: What type of vaccine is the Hib vaccine? _____

Answer: Conjugate vaccine

Extra: The Hib vaccine consists of the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate, PRP) conjugated to a protein carrier (e.g., tetanus toxoid). Conjugation is necessary to provoke a T-cell dependent immune response, which is crucial for efficacy in infants under 2 years of age.

Flashcard 797: Which type of immunization has a slow onset? _____

Answer: Active immunization

Flashcard 798: Conjugation of normal bacteria involves transfer of _____ only

Answer: plasmids

Flashcard 799: Which form of E. coli presents with a watery, 'traveler's diarrhea'?_____

Answer: Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Flashcard 800: Due to Chlamydia spp. being obligate intracellular bacteria, they gram stain _____

Answer: poorly (well or poorly)