Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3671: In the **JONES** criteria for rheumatic fever, what does the **'O'** represent?

Answer: **Carditis** (Pancarditis: endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis)

Extra: The major **JONES** criteria for Rheumatic Fever are: - **J**oints (Migratory polyarthritis) - **O** (Heart): Carditis - **N**odules (Subcutaneous) - **E**rythema marginatum - **S**ydenham chorea

Flashcard 3672: _____ is a brief, reversible episode of focal neurologic dysfunction without acute infarction (negative MRI)

Answer: Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Flashcard 3673: Alzheimer disease presents with _____-onset (speed) memory loss, beginning with short-term and progressing to long-term loss

Answer: slow

Flashcard 3674: The initial treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is _____

Answer: Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)

Extra: TTP is a medical emergency caused by a deficiency or inhibition of the protease **ADAMTS13**, leading to uncleaved vWF multimers and microthrombi. **Key Distinction:** - **TTP:** Requires emergent **plasmapheresis** (plasma exchange) and often corticosteroids. - **Typical HUS (D+ HUS):** Primarily **supportive care** (fluids, dialysis if needed); plasmapheresis is generally not indicated for Shiga-toxin mediated HUS. TTP Pentad: 1. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schistocytes) 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. Fever 4. Neurological symptoms 5. Renal failure

Flashcard 3675: How does microscopic polyangiitis present differently from granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)? _____

Answer: Microscopic polyangiitis lacks nasopharyngeal involvement and granulomas

Flashcard 3676: Multiple sclerosis may present with vertigo and _____ speech due to involvement of the brainstem (mimics alcohol intoxication)

Answer: scanning

Flashcard 3677: Dilated cardiomyopathy may be caused by myocarditis, secondary to _____ infection

Answer: coxsackie B

Flashcard 3678: _____ is an infectious skin disorder characterized by well-defined border

Answer: Erysipelas

Flashcard 3679: What effect does the rapid squatting maneuver have on the intensity of aortic stenosis murmurs?_____

Answer: Increased intensity

Flashcard 3680: Patients who undergo radioactive iodine (I131) treatment can develop _____.

Answer: hypothyroidism