Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3171: _____ pneumonia is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli due to inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or medications (e.g., amiodarone).

Answer: Organizing pneumonia

Extra: Organizing pneumonia (OP) is characterized by plugs of loose connective tissue in the small airways and alveoli. When the etiology is idiopathic, it is called **Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)**. Secondary causes include: - Chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., Rheumatoid Arthritis) - Medications (e.g., Amiodarone, Gold salts) - Infections - Radiation therapy

Flashcard 3172: Pulmonary infarction due to PE may present with _____ chest pain and pleural effusion

Answer: pleuritic

Flashcard 3173: Turbulent flow in a blood vessel causes audible vibrations known as _____

Answer: bruits or murmurs (2)

Flashcard 3174: Familial _____ is an inherited form a prion disease characterized by severe insomnia and an exaggerated startle response

Answer: fatal insomnia

Flashcard 3175: Macrolides can be used to treat _____ caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Answer: Community-acquired pneumonia

Flashcard 3176: What is the treatment for a gas (air) embolus?_____

Answer: Hyperbaric O2

Flashcard 3177: Which patient population is most classically associated with *Staphylococcus aureus* infective endocarditis?

Answer: Intravenous drug users (IVDU)

Extra: *S. aureus* is the most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) overall, but it is the classic etiology for IE in **IV drug users**, where it frequently affects the **tricuspid valve**.

Flashcard 3178: How do levels of parathyroid hormone change in chronic renal disease? _____

Answer: Increased (secondary hyperparathyroidism)

Flashcard 3179: What is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly? _____

Answer: Alzheimer disease

Flashcard 3180: _____ cardiomyopathy is the dilation of all four chambers of the heart

Answer: Dilated