Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2481: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Hemoglobin, blood (Female)?

Answer: From 12.0 to 16.0 g/dL

Flashcard 2482: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin?

Answer: From 25.4 to 34.6 pg/cell

Flashcard 2483: What is the normal range of Body mass index (adult)?

Answer: 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m²

Flashcard 2484: What is the normal range of segmented neutrophils?

Answer: From 54 to 62 %

Flashcard 2485: What is the normal range of Uric acid, serum?

Answer: Male: 3.4–7.0 mg/dL; Female: 2.4–6.0 mg/dL

Flashcard 2486: A 48 y/o woman comes with headache, dizziness, and nausea for the past several hours. -Patient has been burning wood in the fireplace to warm her house after losing electricity during a snowstorm. -Physical Exam: unremarkable. -The substance responsible for this patient's condition most likely impairs hemoglobin function through which mechanisms?

Answer: Competitive binding to heme. will create carboxyhemoglobin, has high oxygen affinity. due to Carbon monoxide poisoning. Rx: High flow or hyperbaric oxygen.

Flashcard 2487: 55 y/o man is found to have abnormal serum chemistries on lab testing. -He has history of hypertension, for which he's being treated with pharmacological therapy, weight reduction, & decreased sodium intake. -Lab results: Serum Na 134 K 3.8 BUN 18 Creatinine 0.8 Calcium 11 Blood Glucose 98 PTH: Decreased What is the most likely responsible for these findings? a. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia b. Hypothyroidism c. Medication d. Primary hyperparathyroidism e. Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer: c. Medication (Thiazide diuretics) Thiazides increase renal calcium reabsorption in the distal tubule, leading to hypercalcemia which suppresses PTH secretion.

Flashcard 2488: A 54-year-old patient presents with an acute gouty attack. He has a history of recent epigastric pain and suspected peptic ulcer disease. What is the preferred treatment for his gout?

Answer: Colchicine NSAIDs are contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Colchicine works by inhibiting microtubule polymerization, which interferes with neutrophil chemotaxis.

Flashcard 2489: Patient present with acute Gout, and renal disease. -What is the best line of Tx?

Answer: Glucocorticoids (e.g., oral Prednisone or intra-articular steroids)

Extra: NSAIDs are contraindicated in patients with renal disease (CKD). While Colchicine can be used with dose adjustment, Glucocorticoids are generally preferred and safer in the setting of significant renal impairment.

Flashcard 2490: How do the following deficiencies/conditions affect platelet aggregation in response to ristocetin, and what diseases are they associated with? - Glycoprotein Ib receptors - Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptors - Hageman factor - Thromboxane A2 - von Willebrand factor

Answer: - **Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) receptors:** Bernard-Soulier Syndrome. Ristocetin-induced aggregation is absent and does **not** correct with normal plasma (contains vWF but lacks receptor). Features: giant platelets, thrombocytopenia. - **Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptors:** Glanzmann Thrombasthenia. Ristocetin-induced aggregation is **normal** (interaction is via GPIb-vWF). - **Hageman factor (Factor XII):** Factor XII deficiency. Ristocetin test is normal. Presents with a prolonged aPTT but no clinical bleeding (thromboembolic risk). - **Thromboxane A2 (TXA2):** Aspirin effect (COX-1 inhibition). Ristocetin-induced aggregation is **normal**. - **von Willebrand factor (vWF):** von Willebrand Disease (vWD). Ristocetin-induced aggregation is absent but **corrects** with the addition of normal plasma (which provides vWF).