Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1771: In ESRD, calciphylaxis is associated with increased levels of _____ and _____

Answer: phosphate

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1772: What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome? _____

Answer: Development of acute cerebral edema d/t rapid extraction of osmotically active substances (e.g. urea, NaCl)

Flashcard 1773: Carpal tunnel syndrome step-up treatments? _____

Answer: Splinting → Steroid injection → Surgery

Extra: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve. 1. Initial treatment: Nocturnal wrist splinting in neutral position. 2. Persistent symptoms: Local corticosteroid injections. 3. Severe or refractory symptoms: Surgical decompression (carpal tunnel release). Oral steroids and NSAIDs are generally not recommended for CTS.

Flashcard 1774: β-blockers are a standard therapy in myocardial infarction but should be avoided in patients with _____ or bradycardia

Answer: decompensated CHF

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1775: Primary CNS lymphoma is typically characterized by _____ in the CSF and a single ring-enhancing lesion on MRI in an HIV-infected patient

Answer: EBV DNA

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1776: _____ vertigo is a form of vertigo that presents with nystagmus that is constant

Answer: Central

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dizziness/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1777: One complication associated with lung cancer (pancoast tumor) is _____ syndrome due to compression of the stellate or superior cervical ganglia

Answer: Horner

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1778: In knee osteoarthritis, exercises to strengthen the quadriceps muscles can reduce abnormal loading on the joint and protect the _____ from further stress

Answer: articular cartilage

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1779: Prosthetic valve endocarditis = _____

Answer: Staph. epidermidis

Extra: Viridans group streptococci (e.g., S. sanguinis) are the most common cause of subacute endocarditis on previously damaged native valves (e.g., mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation, rheumatic heart disease). In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis within the first year after surgery.

Flashcard 1780: Diabetes and (-) urine microalbumin and LDL > 190 is managed with _____

Answer: statin

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki