Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1761: Most cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis have a high rate of spontaneous remission _____

Answer: T

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1762: Myelodysplastic syndrome is primarily seen in older adults and those who have had previous _____ therapy

Answer: chemo- or radiation

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1763: _____ is an immunologic blood transfusion reaction that can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer: Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1764: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is characterized by periodic _____ complexes on EEG

Answer: sharp wave

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1765: What lifestyle modification reduces hypertension the most? _____

Answer: Weight loss

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1766: Euvolemic hyponatremia is suggestive of _____

Answer: SIADH

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1767: What is **Eisenmenger syndrome**?\n_____

Answer: Reversal of a left-to-right shunt to a right-to-left shunt due to pulmonary hypertension

Extra: Chronic left-to-right shunts (e.g., VSD, ASD, PDA) lead to pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. Eventually, right ventricular pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure, causing the shunt to reverse (right-to-left), resulting in cyanosis and clubbing.

Flashcard 1768: What is the diagnosis in an AIDS patient with multiple contrast-enhanced mass lesions in the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter on CT scan or MRI? _____

Answer: Toxoplasmosis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1769: What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome? _____

Answer: Development of acute cerebral edema d/t rapid extraction of osmotically active substances (e.g. urea, NaCl)

Flashcard 1770: Carpal tunnel syndrome step-up treatments? _____

Answer: Splinting → Steroid injection → Surgery

Extra: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve. 1. Initial treatment: Nocturnal wrist splinting in neutral position. 2. Persistent symptoms: Local corticosteroid injections. 3. Severe or refractory symptoms: Surgical decompression (carpal tunnel release). Oral steroids and NSAIDs are generally not recommended for CTS.