Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 611: Pre-diabetic/high risk FASTING blood glucose range is _____

Answer: 5.5 to 6.9 mmol/L

Flashcard 612: _____ is caused by a pituitary tumour which secretes excessive ACTH. Excessive ACTH causes adrenal hyperplasia

Answer: Cushing's disease

Flashcard 613: If triple therapy does not control T2DM consider replacement of one drug for a _____

Answer: GLP-1 agonist

Flashcard 614: Cushing's disease causes dermatological symptoms such as _____, acne vulgaris, and purple striae.

Answer: hirsutism

Extra: Other dermatological features of Cushing's syndrome include skin thinning (atrophy), easy bruising (ecchymosis), and hyperpigmentation (if ACTH-dependent).

Flashcard 615: First-line management of type 2 diabetes with CVD is _____.

Answer: metformin+ SGLT-2 inhibitor

Flashcard 616: HbA1c should not be used for diagnosis of T2DM in patients with _____, children, HIV, pregnancy

Answer: increased RBC turnover

Flashcard 617: Cushing's disease causes MSK symptoms due to _____ and osteopenia/porosis

Answer: proximal myopathy

Flashcard 618: Diagnostic tests for Cushing's syndrome include: First line: _____ Second line: 24hr urinary free cortisol

Answer: Overnight (low-dose) dexamethasone suppression test

Flashcard 619: Testicular cancer can present with _____ due to ↑ β-hCG levels

Answer: gynaecomastia

Flashcard 620: Advanced pancreatic cancer can present with _____ because of loss of endocrine function

Answer: diabetes mellitus