Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards
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Insulin therapy for HHS SHOULD NOT begin until _____ UNLESS there is significant ketonemia (or DKA).
_____ is much more profound in HHS due to later presentation
Hint: Clinical feature
Unlike DKA, in HHS the pancreas still produces small amounts of insulin which is sufficient to prevent _____ by supressing lipolysis
In T1DM patients with a BMI ≥_____, metformin may be added to insulin therapy to limit weight gain and reduce insulin requirements.
Fluid resuscitation management of DKA should consist of _____ followed by the addition of 5% dextrose once blood glucose is <14 mmol/L (250 mg/dL)
Hint: what fluid?
_____ should be measured hourly for the first 6 hours during treatment of HHS to avoid sudden osmotic shifts (e.g. cerebral oedema or central pontine demyelination)
Hint: Investigation
During sick day rules for T1DM, patients should check blood glucose _____ including through the night
DKA is caused by lack of _____. This may be due to treatment failure (e.g non-adherence) or increased demand (e.g. infection, MI, surgery)
HHS presents with similar features to DKA however, the signs of _____ will be much more prominent
_____ is the first manifestation of T1DM in 25-50% of cases
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