Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards
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Diagnostic criteria for DKA includes: Glucose: _____ pH: <7.3 Ketones: ++, >3 mmol/L
DKA may cause _____ due to hypovolaemia
Hint: what renal complication?
There are 3 types of insulin: _____, human insulin analogues, animal insulin
Which of the following are clinical features typically found in DKA but **not** in HHS?\n\n• _____\n• Hyperventilation/Kussmaul breathing\n• Pear drop breath (acetone)
There is no specific criteria, but HHS typically presents with: • Serum glucose: _____ mmol/L • Serum osmolarity: significantly raised • Ketones: Normal (<3 mmol/L) • pH: Normal (>7.3)
_____ is the most important electrolyte to consider in DKA. DKA causes an intracellular deficit of potassium
Target HbA1c in T1DM is ≤_____ mmol/mol (may vary patient to patient)
_____ and short acting insulins have a quick onset and short duration. They are used to replicate insulin spikes in response to glucose from a meal or sugar\nIntermediate and long acting insulins have a slow onset and long duration. They are used to replicate endogenous basal insulin secreted continuously throughout the day
Patients with T1DM should self-monitor blood glucose at least _____ times a day: before meals and bed
HHS pathophysiology is predominantely characterised by severe _____
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