Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

_____ is the largest cause of chronic kidney disease

All diabetic patients should be screened _____ a year for diabetic nephropathy by measuring their albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR). The sample should ideally be taken early in the morning

Diabetic nephropathy occurs _____, if renal disease occurs rapidly then consider an alternative diagnosis

Hint: Gradually/Rapidly

Target serum calcium levels in patients with hypoparathyroidism are _____-normal in order to avoid renal complications (e.g. hypercalciuria)

Hint: High/Low

Hypoparathyroidism that does not respond sufficiently to oral calcium and vitamin D (e.g. calcitriol) should be treated with _____

Consider the use of _____ in all patients with type 1 diabetes for the prevention of CVD

Hypocalcaemia typically presents with symptoms of numbness and tingling around the _____ and the extremities

_____ is a complication of chronic diabetes characterised by bone destruction as a result of peripheral neuropathy and changes in circulation

The 2nd most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is _____ conditions such as APS-1/APS-2

The most common complication of diabetic neuropathy is _____