Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 451: In addition to an ACEi, type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy should also consider taking an _____

Answer: SGLTi (e.g. dapagliflozin)

Flashcard 452: _____ should be started in all patients with diabetic nephropathy with confirmed albuminuria, and titrated to the maximum dose

Answer: ACEi

Flashcard 453: Diabetic patients should recieve a diabetic foot exam at least _____ a year to screen for diabetic neuropathy

Answer: once

Flashcard 454: Levels of parathyroid hormone are _____ in pseudohypoparathyroidism

Answer: elevated

Flashcard 455: Clinical diagnosis of _____ is based on the Simon Broome criteria

Answer: familial hypercholesterolaemia

Flashcard 456: _____ may have a congenital cause such as DiGeorge's syndrome due to abnormal development of the parathyroid glands

Answer: Hypoparathyroidism

Flashcard 457: Consider the use of _____ for the prevention of CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes who are > 40 years old or have additional risk factors (e.g. albuminuria).

Answer: statins

Extra: Statins should be considered in Type 1 Diabetes if: 1. Age > 40 years. 2. Age < 40 years with additional risk factors: - Duration of diabetes > 20 years. - Microalbuminuria or CKD. - Other CVD risk factors (hypertension, smoking, obesity).

Flashcard 458: Hypocalcaemia can have life-threatening complications such as cardiac arrhythmias due to _____

Answer: QT prolongation

Flashcard 459: Diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism requires _____ in the presence of undetectable/inappropriately low levels of PTH. Hypomagnesaemia should also be excluded as a causes as it can cause impaired PTH secretion

Answer: hypocalcaemia

Flashcard 460: _____ hormone raises serum calcium by increasing calcium absorption in the small intestine, stimulating calcium release from bones and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer: Parathyroid