Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 361: Osteomalacia and Rickets are characterised by: _____ calcium ↓ phosphate ↑ PTH ↑ ALP

Answer: ↓

Extra: In Osteomalacia and Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency): - **Calcium:** Low (due to decreased absorption). - **Phosphate:** Low (Vitamin D deficiency reduces absorption; secondary hyperparathyroidism increases renal excretion). - **PTH:** High (Secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to low calcium). - **ALP:** High (Increased osteoblast activity attempting to mineralize bone).

Flashcard 362: Following diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, a differential diagnosis of _____ should be excluded.

Answer: familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)

Flashcard 363: _____ is a condition that occurs in all ages and is caused by insufficient calcium and/or phosphate usually due to a deficiency of vitamin D

Answer: Osteomalacia

Flashcard 364: Hashimoto's thyroiditis presents with a _____ goitre

Answer: diffuse, firm, non-tender

Flashcard 365: _____ is an autoimmune condition associated with HLA-DR5 that causes hypothyroidism

Answer: Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Flashcard 366: The most common cause of osteomalacia/rickets is _____

Answer: vitamin D deficiency

Flashcard 367: _____ is associated with Anti-TPO & Anti-Tg

Answer: Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Flashcard 368: _____ is a condition that occurs in children with open growth plates and is caused by insufficient calcium and/or phosphate usually due to a deficiency of vitamin D

Answer: Rickets

Flashcard 369: Rickets can present with pectus _____

Answer: carinatum

Flashcard 370: Rickets is caused by decreased mineralization of _____ at epiphyseal growth plates

Answer: osteoid and cartilage matrix