Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 141: What investigations can be used to confirm hypercortisolism? _____, 24-hour urinary free cortisol, late-night salivary cortisol

Answer: Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test

Flashcard 142: Thyroid storm TFTs: • TSH: _____ • T3/T4: ↑

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 143: _____ is the first-line dopamine agonist used to treat symptomatic prolactinomas

Answer: cabergolin

Flashcard 144: _____ are the first-line management of symptomatic prolactinomas of the pituitary gland

Answer: Dopamine agonists (e.g. cabergolin, bromocriptine)

Flashcard 145: _____ pituitary adenomas present with galactorrhea and amenorrhea in women

Answer: lactotroph (prolactinoma)

Flashcard 146: _____ is the most common pituitary adenoma

Answer: Prolactinoma

Flashcard 147: Patients with pituitary adenomas that are incompletely resected or remain hypersecretory after surgery may require _____

Answer: radiotherapy

Flashcard 148: Functional Pituitary adenomas result in _____pituitarism

Answer: hyper

Flashcard 149: _____ is used in thyroid storm to inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Extra: PTU has a dual mechanism: 1. Inhibits Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO): blocks synthesis. 2. Inhibits 5'-deiodinase: blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to the more active T3. Note: Methimazole only inhibits synthesis.

Flashcard 150: _____ is used in the management of thyroid storms to treat hyperadrenergic symptoms

Answer: Propranolol

Extra: Propranolol is preferred in thyroid storm because it not only treats hyperadrenergic symptoms (tachycardia, tremor) but also inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 at high doses.