Endocrine Pharmacology — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: Danazol is a synthetic _____ that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors

Answer: androgen

Flashcard 72: Glucocorticoids decrease _____ by decreasing osteoblast activity

Answer: bone formation

Flashcard 73: Acarbose and miglitol inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzymes which decreases the conversion of _____ into absorbable monosaccharides

Answer: disaccharides

Flashcard 74: What type(s) of diabetes may be treated with GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors? _____

Answer: T2DM only

Flashcard 75: Monotherapy of _____ and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have a weight-neutral effect.

Answer: DPP-4 inhibitors

Flashcard 76: HIV-associated lipodystrophy can be treated by the _____ analog tesamorelin.

Answer: GHRH

Flashcard 77: Endocrine (diabetes) _____, a biguanide, is the first line oral agent for the management of type 2 diabetes

Answer: Metformin

Flashcard 78: Medical abortions can be performed using mifepristone or _____, followed by misoprostol

Answer: methotrexate

Flashcard 79: One mechanism by which metformin decreases gluconeogenesis is via _____ of the mitochondrial enzyme glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH)

Answer: inhibition

Extra: Inhibition of **mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH)** (part of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle) leads to an altered redox state with an increased cytosolic NADH:NAD+ ratio. This suppresses gluconeogenesis from precursors like lactate and glycerol.

Flashcard 80: Mifepristone (RU-486) has potent anti-progestational and significant anti-_____ and anti-androgenic activity

Answer: glucocorticoid