Hematopathology Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Hematopathology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Hematopathology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 281: What is the most common primary malignancy of bone of hematological origin?_____
Answer: Multiple myeloma
Flashcard 282: What is the etiological agent for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia?_____
Answer: Hepatitis C virus
Flashcard 283: alpha-heavy chain disease is known as _____ disease
Answer: Seligmann's
Flashcard 284: Which thrombin-like enzyme is used to differentiate the effect of heparin from afibrinogenemia?
Answer: Reptilase
Extra: Reptilase (from *Bothrops atrox* venom) is a thrombin-like enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin but is **not** inhibited by the heparin-antithrombin III complex.
- **Heparin presence:** Prolonged Thrombin Time (TT), Normal Reptilase Time (RT).
- **Afibrinogenemia/Dysfibrinogenemia:** Both Thrombin Time and Reptilase Time are prolonged.
Flashcard 285: Best immunohistochemical marker for multiple myeloma is _____
Answer: CD138 (Syndecan-1)
Extra: CD138 is the most sensitive and specific marker for identifying plasma cells in bone marrow biopsies.
Other markers:
- **CD38**: Also highly expressed on plasma cells.
- **CD56**: Frequently positive in neoplastic plasma cells (Multiple Myeloma) but negative in reactive plasma cells.
- **MUM1**: Expressed in plasma cells and some B-cells.
- **Cyclin D1**: Specifically expressed in the subset of Multiple Myeloma with t(11;14) translocation.
Flashcard 286: Age <1 or >10 years indicates _____ prognosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).
Answer: poor
Flashcard 287: What is the maximum threshold for absolute basophilia in the diagnosis of atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML)?
Answer: < 2% of total leukocytes
Extra: Atypical CML (BCR-ABL1 negative) is a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm. Diagnostic criteria include:
1. Leukocytosis (WBC ≥ 13 x 10⁹/L)
2. Neutrophil precursors (promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes) ≥ 10% of WBC
3. Minimal absolute basophilia (< 2% of WBC)
4. Minimal monocytosis (< 10% of WBC)
5. Marked dysgranulopoiesis
6. Absence of BCR-ABL1 fusion or other specific rearrangements (PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, PCM1-JAK2).
Flashcard 288: A _____ LAP score is seen in multiple myeloma
Answer: high
Flashcard 289: What is the most common cytogenetic change in children suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome?_____
Answer: Monosomy 7
Flashcard 290: _____ incompatibility is the most common cause of hemolytic disease of newborn and affects the first-born.
Answer: ABO
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