Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 33-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for the evaluation of a headache and increased sweating for the last two hours. The patient also reports palpitations and nausea. Yesterday, she was started on venlafaxine for treatment-resistant depression. She took citalopram for four weeks, but stopped three days ago because her symptoms of depression did not improve. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. Her temperature is 39°C (102.2°F), pulse is 120/min, and blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg. On mental status examination, the patient is only oriented to person, but not to place or time. Examination shows tremors in all extremities. She has impaired gait. Deep tendon reflexes are 3+ bilaterally. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

A neonate suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is given supplemental oxygen. Which of the following is a possible consequence of oxygen therapy in this patient?

A 20-year-old man presents to the urgent care clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting for the past 2 hours. He just returned from a boating trip with his father, and while aboard they shared some packed potato salad and ham sandwiches. His dad denies any nausea or vomiting but does report minor dizziness. On examination he appears pale. The patient reports similar symptoms in the past when he was on a cruise trip to the Bahamas. What is the best medication for this patient at this time?

An 18-year-old male was brought to the emergency room after he caused an accident by driving at a slow speed as he was entering the freeway. He appears to have sustained no major injuries just minor scratches and lacerations, but appears to be paranoid, anxious, and is complaining of thirst. He has conjunctival injection and has slowed reflexes. A police officer explained that he had confiscated contraband from the vehicle of the male. Which of the following substances was most likely used by the male?

A 59-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of muscle weakness. Approximately 6 months ago, he started to develop gradually worsening right arm weakness that progressed to difficulty walking about three months ago. His past medical history is notable for a transient ischemic attack, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. He takes aspirin, lisinopril, atorvastatin, metformin, and glyburide. He does not smoke and he drinks alcohol occasionally. Physical examination reveals 4/5 strength in right shoulder abduction and right arm flexion. A tremor is noted in the right hand. Strength is 5/5 throughout the left upper extremity. Patellar reflexes are 3+ bilaterally. Sensation to touch and vibration is intact in the bilateral upper and lower extremities. Tongue fasciculations are noted. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment in this patient?

A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with acute onset confusion, sweating, weakness, and tremors. She says that the symptoms started when she went to dinner with friends and had several drinks of alcohol without eating much food. Her past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes, and she was recently started on a new medication for this disease. She mentions that her doctor warned her about the risk of low blood sugar, especially if she drinks alcohol or skips meals. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for the most likely diabetes drug that this patient started taking?

A 55-year-old man presents to his physician with a complaint of recurrent episodes of palpitations over the past 2 weeks. He also mentions that he tends to tire easily. He denies chest pain, breathlessness, dizziness, or syncope, but has a history of ischemic heart disease. He smokes 1 pack of cigarettes every day and drinks alcohol occasionally. The physical examination revealed a temperature of 36.9°C (98.4°F), a pulse of 124/min (irregular), a blood pressure of 142/86 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 16/min. Auscultation of his chest is normal with an absence of rales overall lung fields. An ECG was significant for fibrillatory waves and an irregular RR interval. Thus, the physician concludes that the symptoms are due to atrial fibrillation. The patient is prescribed oral diltiazem. Which of the following side effects should the physician warn the patient about?

A 9-year-old boy presents for incision and drainage of a small abscess on his left thigh. No significant past medical history. No current medications. Before the procedure, the patient is allowed to inhale colorless, sweet-smelling gas. After the procedure, the patient receives 3–4 minutes of high flow oxygen through a nasal mask. The pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 94%. This patient was oxygenated at the end of the procedure to prevent which of the following complications?

A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two months ago, she underwent left renal transplantation for recurrent glomerulonephritis. At the time of discharge, her creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL. She feels well. Current medications include tacrolimus and azathioprine. Her pulse is 85/min and blood pressure is 135/75 mmHg. Physical examination shows a well-healed surgical scar on her left lower abdomen. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. The patient should be monitored for which of the following adverse effects of her medications?

A 30-year-old woman presents for pregnancy counseling. She says she has an 8-week history of chronic diarrhea. She is also found to be intolerant to heat and has been significantly losing her hair. She denies any recent changes to her diet. The patient is afebrile and her vital signs are within normal limits. Her weight today is 45.0 kg (99.2 lb) which is 4.5 kg (10 lb) less than her weight during her last visit 2 months back. On physical examination, the patient is anxious and has a non-intention tremor. Significant exophthalmos is present. Laboratory findings are significant for a low TSH, elevated free T4 and free T3, and a positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin assay. She still wants to conceive a baby and asks for an appropriate treatment that is safe in pregnancy. Which of the following best describes the therapy she will most likely receive during her pregnancy for her thyroid disorder?