Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 72-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her son after he noticed that she was slurring her speech. He also noticed that she appeared to have difficulty using her fork about halfway through dinner when the speech problems started. He brought her to the emergency department immediately and he estimates that only 1 hour has passed since the beginning of the symptoms. An immediate exam is conducted. A medication is administered to ameliorate the effects of this patient's condition that would not be available for use if the patient had presented significantly later. An hour later the patient's condition becomes significantly worse and new deficits are found. Which of the following agents should be used at this point?

A 35-year-old woman is started on a new experimental intravenous drug X. In order to make sure that she is able to take this drug safely, the physician in charge of her care calculates the appropriate doses to give to this patient. Data on the properties of drug X from a subject with a similar body composition to the patient is provided below: Weight: 100 kg Dose provided: 1500 mg Serum concentration 15 mg/dL Bioavailability: 1 If the patient has a weight of 60 kg and the target serum concentration is 10 mg/dL, which of the following best represents the loading dose of drug X that should be given to this patient?

A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend because of increasing confusion for the past 6 hours. He drinks large amounts of alcohol daily and occasionally uses illicit drugs. He is lethargic and oriented only to person. Physical examination shows jaundice, hepatomegaly, and scattered petechiae over the trunk and back. Neurologic examination shows normal, reactive pupils and a flapping tremor when the wrists are extended. A drug with which of the following mechanism of action would be most appropriate for this patient's condition?

A 25-year-old G1P0 woman at an estimated gestational age of 9 weeks presents for her first prenatal visit following a positive home pregnancy test. She says she missed 2 periods but assumed it was due to stress at work. She has decided to continue with the pregnancy. Her past medical history is significant for migraine headaches, seizures, and asthma. She takes multiple medications for her condition. Physical examination is unremarkable. An ultrasound confirms a 9-week-old intrauterine pregnancy. Which of the following medications poses the greatest risk to the fetus?

A 62-year-old woman with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage is brought to the emergency department because of shortness of breath and sharp chest pain that worsens on inspiration. She underwent surgery for a hip fracture 3 weeks ago. Her pulse is 110/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 112/74 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 92%. The lungs are clear to auscultation and there is no jugular venous distention. A ventilation and perfusion scan shows a small perfusion defect in the left lower lung. A drug with which of the following mechanisms of action is most appropriate for this patient?

A 17-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her friends who were at a party with her and found her unconscious in the bathroom. They admit that alcohol was present at the party. The patient's blood pressure is 118/78 mm Hg, pulse is 40/min, respiratory rate is 16/min, and temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F). On physical examination, she is unresponsive to verbal commands but does respond to noxious stimuli. Her pupils are pinpoint and her mucous membranes are moist. Her heart is bradycardic without murmurs, and her respiratory rate is slowed but clear to auscultation. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?

A 32-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for recent onset headaches, weight loss, and restlessness. Her symptoms started yesterday, and since then she has felt sweaty and generally uncomfortable. The patient's past medical history is unremarkable except for a recent viral respiratory infection which resolved on its own. The patient is not currently on any medications. Her temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 127/68 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. On physical exam, you see a sweaty and uncomfortable woman who has a rapid pulse. The patient demonstrates no abnormalities on HEENT exam. The patient's laboratory values are ordered as seen below. Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Hematocrit: 36% Leukocyte count: 8,500/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 195,000/mm^3 Serum: Na+: 139 mEq/L Cl-: 102 mEq/L K+: 4.4 mEq/L HCO3-: 24 mEq/L BUN: 20 mg/dL Glucose: 99 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.0 mg/dL Ca2+: 10.2 mg/dL TSH: .03 mIU/L AST: 12 U/L ALT: 10 U/L The patient is prescribed propranolol and propylthiouracil. She returns 1 week later complaining of severe fatigue. Laboratory values are ordered as seen below. Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Hematocrit: 36% Leukocyte count: 8,500/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 195,000/mm^3 Serum: Na+: 139 mEq/L Cl-: 102 mEq/L K+: 4.4 mEq/L HCO3-: 24 mEq/L BUN: 20 mg/dL Glucose: 99 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.0 mg/dL Ca2+: 10.2 mg/dL TSH: 6.0 mIU/L AST: 12 U/L ALT: 10 U/L Which of the following is the best next step in management?

A 53-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity presents to you in clinic for a yearly physical. His current medication regimen includes a beta blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and a statin. You review his recent lab work and note that despite being on a maximum statin dose, his LDL cholesterol remains elevated. You decide to prescribe another medication to improve his lipid profile. The additional medication prescribed was niacin (nicotinic acid). One month later, you receive a telephone call from your patient; he complains of turning bright red and feeling "scorching hot" every time he takes his medications. You decide to prescribe which of the following medications to alleviate his symptoms:

A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive burning pain and intermittent "electrical shocks" in his right chest for 3 months. Over the last 2 weeks, the pain has increased to an extent that he can no longer tolerate clothing on the affected area. Three months ago, he had a rash around his right nipple and axilla that resolved a week later. The patient had a myocardial infarction 2 years ago. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 47 years. Current medications include aspirin, simvastatin, metoprolol, and ramipril. His temperature is 36.9°C (97.9°F), pulse is 92/min, and blood pressure is 150/95 mm Hg. Examination shows increased sensation to light touch over the right chest. The remainder of the physical examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her father because of a worsening pruritic rash for 2 days. Five weeks ago, she was diagnosed with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and treatment with lamotrigine was begun. Her immunizations are up-to-date. Her temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F). Physical examination shows facial edema and a partially confluent morbilliform rash over the face, trunk, and extremities. There is swelling of the cervical and inguinal lymph nodes and hepatomegaly. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following?