Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 19-year-old woman presents to the ED after multiple episodes of vomiting in the last 6 hours. The vomitus is non-bloody and non-bilious. The vomiting started shortly after she began having a throbbing, unilateral headache and associated photophobia. She has had several similar headaches in the past. Her vital signs are unremarkable. Which of the following is an appropriate therapy for this patient's vomiting?

A 56 year old female comes to the ED complaining of moderate right eye pain, headache, and acute onset of blurry vision, which she describes as colored halos around lights. She was watching a movie at home with her husband about an hour ago when the pain began. On physical exam of her right eye, her pupil is mid-dilated and unresponsive to light. Her right eyeball is firm to pressure. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with tonometer is elevated at 36mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate emergency treatment?

A 59-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of an intermittent, gnawing epigastric pain for the past 2 months. The pain is exacerbated with food and has been getting progressively worse. The patient denies any weight changes, nausea, vomiting, cough, or dyspepsia. Medical history is significant for chronic back pain for which she takes ibuprofen. Her father passed at the age of 55 due to pancreatic cancer. Labs were unremarkable except for a mild decrease in hemoglobin. What medication is most appropriate to be switched to from the current medication at this time?

An investigator is studying the metabolism of an experimental drug that is known to have first order kinetics. Immediately after administering an intravenous dose of the drug to a patient, the serum concentration is 60 U/L. 3 hours later, the serum concentration of the drug is 30 U/L. 9 hours after administration, the serum concentration of the drug is most likely to be which of the following?

A 15-year-old adolescent boy presents to his pediatrician for his scheduled follow-up after he was prescribed low-dose methylphenidate for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 4 weeks ago. On follow-up, his mother reports mild improvement in his symptoms, but she also notes that his appetite has decreased significantly after starting the medication. This has led to a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) weight loss over the last 4 weeks. His mother also reports that she no longer wants to continue the drug. Which of the following is the next drug of choice for pharmacological management of the condition?

A 58-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a 3-week history of increasing pain in his legs and feet. Specifically, he says that he has been getting electric shock sensations that started in his feet, but have progressed up his leg. In addition, the pain is accompanied by numbness and tingling in his hands and feet bilaterally. His past medical history is significant for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given these symptoms, his physician prescribes a new drug to help him cope with these symptoms. Which of the following is the mechanism of action for the medication that was most likely prescribed in this case?

A 69-year-old man with history of coronary artery disease necessitating angioplasty and stent placement presents to the ED due to fever, chills, and productive cough for one day. He is started on levofloxacin and admitted because of his comorbidity and observed tachypnea of 35 breaths per minute. He is continued on his home medications including aspirin, clopidogrel, metoprolol, and lisinopril. He cannot ambulate as frequently as he would like due to his immediate dependence on oxygen. What intervention should be provided for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in this patient while hospitalized?

A 64-year-old male presents to the emergency room with difficulty breathing. He recently returned to the USA following a trip to Singapore. He reports that he developed pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and a cough. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 24/min. A spiral CT reveals a pulmonary embolus in the right segmental pulmonary artery. Results from a complete blood count are all within normal limits. He is admitted and started on unfractionated heparin. Four days later, the patient develops unprovoked epistaxis. A complete blood count reveals the following: Leukocyte count: 7,000/mm^3 Hemoglobin: 14 g/dl Hematocrit: 44% Platelet count 40,000/mm^3 What is the underlying pathogenesis of this patient’s condition?

A 52-year-old tow truck driver presents to the emergency room in the middle of the night complaining of sudden onset right ankle pain. He states that the pain came on suddenly and woke him up from sleep. It was so severe that he had to call an ambulance to bring him to the hospital since he was unable to drive. He has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, for which he takes lisinopril and metformin. He has no other medical problems. The family history is notable for hypertension on his father's side. The vital signs include: blood pressure 126/86 mm Hg, heart rate 84/min, respiratory rate 14/min, and temperature 37.2°C (99.0°F). On physical exam, the patient's right ankle is swollen, erythematous, exquisitely painful, and warm to the touch. An arthrocentesis is performed and shows negatively birefringent crystals on polarized light. Which of the following is the best choice for treating this patient's pain?

A 34-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of painful vision loss in her left eye. The patient is otherwise healthy with a history only notable for a few emergency department presentations for numbness and tingling in her extremities with no clear etiology of her symptoms. Her temperature is 100°F (37.8°C), blood pressure is 122/83 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Examination of the patient's cranial nerves reveals an inability to adduct the left eye when the patient is asked to look right. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?